New Zealand has one of the highest fatal drowning rates in the OECD1. This report is our way of drawing a line in the sand. We, Surf Life Saving New Zealand, are saying “enough is enough”. No more unnecessary deaths from drowning on our beaches and along our coastline.
NATIONAL BEACH &
COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 & 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
KEY FINDINGS
KEY FINDINGS
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
10 YEA R O V E RVI E W | 2 0 0 9 - 1 9
We call on those who have the authority, the legal or the moral responsibility,
to work with us and our drowning prevention partners to stop the death toll from
getting worse, and to reduce it to a level where we can be proud as an island nation
to say ‘we have no preventable drownings on our beach and coastal areas’.
1
Fatal Drownings in New Zealand
Have INCREASED.
There has been a 37% increase in Beach and
Coastal Fatal Drownings over the last 5 years, when
compared to the previous 5 years.
2
Our Fatal Drownings are 70%
HIGHER Than Australia.
New Zealand has a 70% higher Beach and Coastal
Fatal Drowning rate per capita than Australia.
3
1:15
For Every Child or Young
Adolescent That Fatally Drowned,
15 Were Hospitalised for
Non-Fatal Drowning Injuries.
Children are grossly over-represented in the
non-fatal drowning statistics. For every child or
young adolescent that fatally drowns,there are15
that are hospitalised having suffered from
non-fatal drowning .
4
Males are Fatally Drowning
MORE Than Females.
89%
MALE
11%
FEMALE
Of those who died from drowning over the last 10
years, males represent 89% and females only 11%.
Men are fatally drowning more on our beaches and
coastline than females.
5
2.0
Pasifika had the HIGHEST Fatal
Drowning Rate Over the Last
10 years.
6
Almost 50% of Fatal Drownings
Occured in Summer.
7
Northland has New Zealand’s
HIGHEST Fatal Drowning Rate
3.91
8
Adults are Fatally Drowning
MORE Than Children and Young
Adolescents.
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
All Others Maori Pacific Peoples
Over the last 10 years Pacific Peoples had the
highest Fatal Drowning rate (1.69 per 100,000 pop)
of any ethnicity, closely followed by Maori
(1.27 pero 100,000 pop).
Over the last 10 years, there were 144 Fatal
Beach and Coastal Drownings during the
Summer months of December, January and
February. This figure represents nearly half of
the total annual fatal drownings recorded,
highlighting the increased risk associated with
the busy Summer season.
The rate of fatal drownings per 100,000pop in
Northland is 3.91, whereas Auckland (with a much
larger population), has a fatal drowning rate of only
0.63. Therefore the risk of drowning on the beach
and coastline of Northland is more than 6 times
greater than Auckland.
Adults over the age of 15 have a higher probability
of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning, than children
and young adolescents. 35-44 being the category
with the most Fatal Drownings recorded.
9
Surf Beaches Pose the HIGHEST
Risk for Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drowning in New Zealand.
10
Over the Last 10 Years, the
HIGHEST RISK Activities on a
Beach and Coastal Environment
Have Been:
However...
Last Year the HIGHEST RISK
Activities Were:
Over the last 10 years, 39% of beach and coastal
fatal drownings occured at a surf beach in
New Zealand.
Swimming/Wading Falls (trips/slips) Boating Rock Fishing Watercraft Swimming/Wading
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND KEY FINDINGS INFOGRAPHICS
02 03
DROWNING SNAPSHOT
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
CONTENTS
LOCATION
39%
SURF BEACH
ACTIVITY
22%
SWIMMING/WADING
320 89%
MALE
BEACH &
COASTAL FATAL
DROWNINGS
15%
ROCKY
FORESHORE
20%
FALLS
11%
FEMALE
14%
HARBOUR
15%
BOATING
Key Findings Infographics 02
Synopsis 06
Key Findings 07
Northland 38
SECTION ONE:
09
Auckland 40
CAPABILITY
Waikato 42
Bay of Plenty 44
Capability 10 Gisborne 46
Surf Life Saving Patrol
Locations 12
Hawke's Bay
Taranaki
48
50
Surf Lifeguard Capability 13 Manawatu-Wanganui 52
Rescues Per Region 14 Wellington 54
Assists Per Region 15 Tasman 56
Major First Aid Incidents 16 Marlborough 58
Minor First Aid Incidents 17 West Coast 60
Searches Per Region 18 Canterbury 62
Preventative Actions 19 Otago 64
Southland 66
SECTION T WO:
21
FATAL DROWNING
SECTION SIX:
69
10 YEAR ACTIVITY
10 Year National Overview 22 OVERVIEW 2009-19
SECTION THREE:
FATAL DROWNING
ANALYSIS - 2018/19
29
1 Year National Overview 30
SECTION FOUR:
NON-FATAL
DROWNING
33
Non-Fatal Drownings Overview 34
Comparison of Fatal and
Non-Fatal Drownings on Beaches 35
SECTION FIVE:
REGIONAL OVERVIEWS
37
Snapshot: Swimming/Wading 70
Snapshot: Falls 71
Snapshot: Boating 72
Snapshot: Watercraft 73
Snapshot: Snorkelling 74
Key Terms 76
References 78
SYNOPSIS
KEY FINDINGS
New Zealand has one of the highest fatal
drowning rates in the OECD 1 .
Each one leaves families and communities devastated. Our
drowning toll is something every New Zealander should see
as a national tragedy and one we all have a responsibility to
address (Water Safety New Zealand, 2019b).
Drowning is not just a tragedy for those involved, but
each drowning has a considerable economic impact too.
The social cost to New Zealand of one water drowning
fatality has been estimated at $4.729 million and this can
be expected to be higher for children under 5 years-old who
live longer (Water Safety New Zealand, 2019a).
Each year, more than three million people visit beaches
and 1.5 million go boating (Water Safety New Zealand,
2015). These people are exposed to a risk of drowning,
that Surf Life Saving New Zealand (SLSNZ) is committed to
reducing. SLSNZ is the leading beach and coastal safety,
drowning prevention and rescue authority in New Zealand.
The purpose of the organisation is to enable everyone to
enjoy New Zealand’s beaches safely with a vision of zero
preventable drownings.
The New Zealand coastline varies dramatically. The west
coast is exposed to the energetic Tasman Sea whereas the
east coast faces the South Pacific Ocean, which at times
can be just as dangerous. The coastline of New Zealand
is approximately 15,000km in length, the ninth longest
coastline of any nation in the world. New Zealand beaches
and coastal areas are known to be some of the most
beautiful. However, our nation has a shocking annual beach
and coastal drowning toll.
During the last 10 years, there has been an average of 32
fatal drownings per year, which is a 70% higher beach and
coastal drowning rate per capita, compared to Australia.
Despite some drowning trends in New Zealand being on
the decline (Water Safety New Zealand, 2019b), beach and
coastal drownings are on the increase.
In order to help understand the problem in more detail,
SLSNZ has produced this report, which although based on
a similar report that our sister organisation Surf Life Saving
Australia has been producing for some time, is the first of its
kind here in New Zealand. It is designed to complement the
National Drowning Report produced by Water Safety New
Zealand and to contribute to the New Zealand Water Safety
Sector Strategy. The report provides an analysis of fatal and
non-fatal drownings and rescues where a fatal or non-fatal
drowning has been averted. It compares data from 2018-
19 with the 10-year average from July 2009 - June 2019.
It also provides both a national and regional overview with
a breakdown of who is drowning, where they are drowning
and what they are doing when they drown.
The report in itself does not provide answers, it simply
provides the data in such a way that highlights the problem
and will aid further analysis to help provide potential
solutions. SLSNZ will continue to undertake a comprehensive
Coastal Risk Assessment process using information gained
from more in-depth studies of each fatal and non-fatal
drowning as well as rescues. Using this information,
SLSNZ will work with Central and Local Government, key
landowners and stakeholders to clarify the responsibility
for beach and coastal safety and then, using an evidencebased,
collaborative and partnership approach, provide
targeted safety interventions at local, regional and national
levels that lead towards a safer future for all those that visit
and recreate on beaches along New Zealand’s coastline.
This report is our way of drawing a line in the sand.
We, Surf Life Saving New Zealand, are saying “enough
is enough”. No more unnecessary deaths from
drowning on our beaches and along our coastline.
We call on those who have the authority, the legal or the
moral responsibility, to work with us and our drowning
prevention partners to stop the death toll from getting
worse, and to reduce it to a level where we can be proud as
an island nation to say ‘we have no preventable drownings
on our beach and coastal areas’.
The National Beach and Coastal Safety Report only documents
incidents that have occurred within the coastal zone. The coastal
zone is defined as “Tidal waters (estuary, harbour, marina and
river/harbour bar); ocean up to 1km offshore; or inland up to five
times the width of the inlet/river”.
“Boating” is defined as either a powered vessel or a sailing boat.
“Watercraft” is defined as a piece of non-powered recreational
equipment used in water, e.g. surfboards, stand-up paddleboards,
body boards, windsurfers or kayaks.
• Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings are increasing. In
the last five years, there has been a 37% rise compared to
the previous five years (27 to 37 per year). Even allowing
for population growth, the fatal drowning rate has still risen
by 21% (0.70 to 0.85 per 100,000 pop).
• New Zealand now has a 70% higher beach and
coastal drowning rate per capita, compared to Australia.
• It is adults over the age of 15, not children who are
significantly more likely to die from beach and coastal
drowning. Although marginally more than the other age
categories, those from 35-44 are the most ‘at risk’.
• Children and adolescents (0-14 years old) are grossly
over-represented in the fatal to non-fatal drowning
statistics. For every child and adolescent that fatally drowns,
there are 15 that are hospitalised having suffered from nonfatal
drowning.
• Of those who do die from drowning, males represent
89% and females only 11%. In 2018-19 the percentage of
men dropped slightly, but in general, men are still much
more likely to drown on our beaches and the coastline than
women. This is also true of non-fatal drownings.
• Over the last 10 years, Pacific Peoples had the highest
drowning rate (1.69 per 100,000pop) of any ethnicity,
closely followed by Maori (1.27 per 100,000pop).
• Over the last 10 years, there were 144 beach and
coastal drowning fatalities during the three summer
months of December, January and February. This figure
represents nearly half of the total annual beach and coastal
drowning fatalities recorded, highlighting the increased risk
associated with the busy summer season.
• Over the last 10 years, swimming/wading, falling
(trips/slips) and boating have been the highest risk
activities on the coast. Last year rock fishing and watercraft
recreation were the joint highest risk activities, followed by
swimming/wading.
• With an average number of six fatal drownings per
year, Northland is statistically the region which poses
the greatest risk to beach visitors. While Auckland has a
higher average number of fatal drownings per year (n =
10), the rate of drownings per 100,000 in Northland is 3.91,
whereas Auckland (with a much larger population), has a
drowning rate of only 0.63. Therefore, the risk of drowning
on the beach or coast in Northland is more than six times
greater than Auckland 2 .
• Over the last 10 years, Surf Lifeguards have carried
out more than 11,000 rescues. That is a huge number of
fatal drownings that have been potentially averted because
of the vital role that SLSNZ performs.
• SLSNZ also saves lives on the beaches as well as
in the sea. All Surf Lifeguards are first aid trained and
many are trained as First Responders. Over the last 10
years, Surf Lifeguards have treated nearly 20,000 people
who have required both minor and major first aid. SLSNZ is
currently partnering with St John Ambulance to increase the
level of care it provides the New Zealand public.
• As part of the ‘National Search and Rescue
Framework’, Volunteer SLSNZ Clubs are regularly called
upon by the Police to respond to incidents out of hours.
These call outs have significantly increased in recent years
as more and more people require our services.
New Zealand has one of the
highest Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drowning Rate in the OECD 1 . Our
Fatal Drowning Toll is something
every New Zealander should see as
a national tragedy and we all have a
responsibility to address.
1 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a
group of 34 member countries that discuss and develop economic and social
policy. OECD members are democratic countries that support free-market
economies.
2 The population figures are based on those residing in the region, and do not
include visitors. To gain a true picture of the ‘drowning risk’ in any area, future
reports will attempt to allow for the seasonal influx of visitors.
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND SYNOPSIS & KEY FINDINGS
06 07
CAPABILITY
SECTION ONE
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
948,130
PREVENTATIVE
ACTIONS
11,065
RESCUES
5002
ASSISTS
INVOLVING
3,649,523
MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC
40
EMERGENCY
CALLOUT SQUADS
2,910
SEARCHES
19,614
FIRST AID
TREATMENTS
CAPABILITY
CAPABILITY
Surf Life Saving New Zealand has provided a Surf Lifeguard
service to the NZ public for 109 years. The service consists
of 74 volunteer Surf Life Saving Clubs and Contract Surf
Lifeguard Service. When combined, these services patrol a
total of 89 locations country-wide. Between 2018-19 there
were 4903 qualified Surf Lifeguards, with 982 gaining their
Surf Lifeguard Award during the season. Beyond the red and
yellow flags, SLSNZ provides surveillance at many remote
beaches and coastlines through a fleet of Inflatable Rescue
Boats (IRB), Rescue Water Craft (RWC), All-Terrain Vehicles
(ATV) and 4x4’s, and delivers an invaluable Search and
Rescue service, through a network of club-based volunteer
Emergency Callout Squads.
VOLUNTEER SURF LIFEGUARDS
Seasonal patrols are provided by 74 volunteer Surf Life
Saving Clubs, with patrols typically occurring between
Labour weekend (October) and Easter (April). Over the past
few years, SLSNZ clubs have strategically adapted season
lengths and daily patrol timings to meet the ever-changing
demands of the communities they serve. The recommended
Surf Lifeguard service requirements are evidence-based
and derived from coastal risk assessments, which have
been tailored towards existing patrol locations nationally.
The coastal risk assessments also recommend new patrol
locations, based upon risk-adjusted water use values for
each site. SLSNZ works with SLS clubs, communities and
stakeholders to deliver services to areas with the greatest
need.
Volunteer clubs use standardised equipment that includes
Rescue Tubes, Rescue Boards, IRB and RWC to perform
rescues and preventative actions, that stop the public getting
into dangerous situations. The organisation also provides a
number of surveillance patrols to increase service coverage.
All Terrain Vehicles and 4x4 vehicles equipped with first aid
and rescue equipment, ensure coverage is extended across
larger stretches of coastline and remote beaches. Beyond
the surf zone, a number of RWC provide rapid response to
remote areas and rocky foreshores and participate in both
surveillance and Search and Rescue activities.
CONTRACT SURF LIFEGUARD SERVICE
The Contract Surf Lifeguard Service is funded by Regional
Councils and Local Territorial Authorities. Patrols primarily
run on weekdays (Monday-Friday) through the summer
school holidays (December-February). An evidence-based
delivery model for the Contract Surf Lifeguard Service is
also being used to expand services to meet community
need. In some areas, surveillance-based patrolling methods
have been used to extend patrolling hours into the evening,
an approach that has been effective for preventing Surf
Lifeguard fatigue. On-call based services have also been
successfully trialled in the Bay of Plenty, to extend patrols
in response to periods of prolonged settled weather and
dangerous swimming conditions, as well as providing
additional safety services to the public.
SEARCH AND RESCUE
Emergency Callout Squads are used to assist Search and
Rescue agencies or sometimes Maritime New Zealand, in
NZ Police tasked incidents. There are currently 40 active
Emergency Callout Squads nationally. In 2018-19 there
were a total of 57 Category 1 Search and Rescue operations,
which saved a combined total of 36 lives.
SURF LIFEGUARD INTERVENTIONS 2009-2019
The interventions performed whilst Surf Lifeguards have
been protecting our beaches in the last decade have
saved countless lives. This exact figure at present cannot
be quantified, however through these actions SLSNZ and
it’s Volunteer Surf Lifeguards have likely saved more than
11,000 lives.
Table 1
Surf Lifeguard Interventions 2009-19 (last 10yrs)
SURF LIFEGUARD
INTERVENTION
TOTALS
(2009-19)
Rescues / Lives Saved 11,065
Assists (new category since 2016/17) 5,002
Preventative Actions
Number of Public in Preventatives: 3,649,523
948,130
Searches 2,910
Major First Aid Incidents 12,962
Minor First Aid Incidents 6,652
TOTAL INTERVENTIONS 986,721
Figure 01
2018–19: Qualifications Held by Surf Lifeguards
There were a total of 4,903 proficient Surf Lifeguards in 2018-19, of which 982 were new recipients of the Surf Lifeguard
Award. SLSNZ Surf Lifeguards currently hold a total of 9,655 awards, with 2,397 first aid awards and 1,591 craft
qualifications (IRB and RWC).
Figure 02
2018-19: Patrolling Surf Lifeguards per Region
Lifeguards (n)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
FIRST AID
2,397
Male Lifeguards
Female Lifeguards
BOARD
RESCUE
MODULE
540
PATROL
SUPPORT
50
ADVANCED
LIFEGUARD
AWARD
320
SURF LIFEGUARD
AWARD
4,903
RADIO
OPERATOR
CERTIFICATE
338
IRB
CREWSPERSONS
MODULE
536
AUK BOP CAN GIS HKB MWT MBH NSN NTL OTA STL TKI WKO WGN WTC
Region
SENIOR
LIFEGUARD
AWARD
PATROL
CAPTAIN
117
SENIOR
LIFEGUARD
AWARD
IRB DRIVER
1,025
RESCUE
WATER
CRAFT
OPERATORS
AWARD
30
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
10
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION ONE
11
CAPABILITY
SURF LIFE SAVING PATROL LOCATIONS
SURF LIFEGUARD CAPABILITY
Figure 03
2018–19: Surf Life Saving Patrol Locations per Region
There are a total of 74 Surf Life Saving Clubs in New Zealand who provide voluntary patrols, during varying season lengths
between Labour and Easter weekends.
SAVING PATROL LOCATIONS PER REGION
Northland
6
Figure 04
2018-19: Total Volunteer Surf Life Saving Patrols and Contract Surf Lifeguard Service per Region
There are a total of 74 Surf Life Saving Clubs in New Zealand which provide voluntary patrols, up to a maximum season
length between Labour and Easter weekends. The Contract Surf Lifeguard Service (Monday-Friday) provides 80 Lifeguard
Patrols nationally.
13
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
14
15
12
Volunteer Surf Life Saving Patrols
Contract Surf Lifeguard Service
5
10
Taranaki
Waikato
Gisborne
5
Patrols (n)
9
6
Hawke’s Bay
5
3
4 Manawatu-Wanganui
1 Nelson
ND Tasman
0
NTL AUK WKO BOP GIS TKI MWT HKB WGN NSN MBH WTC CAN OTA STL
Region
Wellington
8
Marlborough
1
2
West Coast
Canterbury
10
Figure 05
2018-19: Equipment Used in a Rescue
Figure 06
2018-19: Patrolling Surf Lifeguards
6%
3%
1
Southland
Otago
6
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
16%
38%
Rescue
Tube
38%
38%
IRB
38%
Rescue Tube
IRB
Rescue Board
RWC
No Gear
57%
MALE
43%
FEMALE
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
12
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION ONE
13
CAPABILITY
RESCUES PER REGION
ASSISTS PER REGION
“Rescue - Where a person requires immediate help to return to shore (or place of safety)
and who without intervention would have suffered distress, injury or drowning”
“Assist - Where a person requires assistance to return to shore but would most likely be
able to get themselves out of danger if unaided”
Figure 07
ESCUES 2018–19: PER Rescues REGION
per Region
Figure 08
2018–19: People Assisted to Safety per Region
ASSISTS PER REGION
Northland
39
Northland
92
186
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
55
311
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
160
182
Waikato
Gisborne
19
243
Waikato
Gisborne
70
17
Taranaki
28
Taranaki
Hawke’s Bay
29
Hawke’s Bay
48
20 Manawatu-Wanganui
10 Nelson
ND Tasman
9 Manawatu-Wanganui
36 Nelson
ND Tasman
Wellington
11
Wellington
114
Marlborough
0
Marlborough
0
0
West Coast
Canterbury
76
Key to Rescues per Region
1 - 15 Rescues
0
West Coast
Canterbury
371
Key to Assists per Region
1 - 50 Assists
16 - 25 Rescues
51 - 100 Assists
26 - 50 Rescues
101 - 200 Assists
51 - 100 Rescues
201 - 300 Assists
> 101 Rescues
> 301 Assists
Otago
58
ND
No Data
Otago
79
ND
No Data
0
Southland
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
0
Southland
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
14
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION ONE
15
CAPABILITY
MAJOR FIRST AID INCIDENTS PER REGION
MINOR FIRST AID INCIDENTS PER REGION
“Major First Aid - Any incident where a patient is administered some form of advanced
medical treatment, or requires hospitalization”
“Minor First Aid - Where a patient is administered some form of
minor medical treatment”
Figure 09
R FIRST 2018–19: Major AID First INCIDENTS Aid Incidents per RegionPER REGION
Figure 10
MINOR FIRST
2018–19:
AID
Minor First
INCIDENTS
Aid Incidents per Region
PER REGION
Northland
15
Northland
142
96
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
55
468
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
388
96
Waikato
Gisborne
3
821
Waikato
Gisborne
30
7
Taranaki
32
Taranaki
Hawke’s Bay
8
Hawke’s Bay
49
4 Manawatu-Wanganui
3 Nelson
ND Tasman
18 Manawatu-Wanganui
20 Nelson
ND Tasman
Wellington
19
Wellington
132
Marlborough
0
Marlborough
27
0
West Coast
Canterbury 13
Key to Major First Aid Incidents
1 - 5 Incidents
0
West Coast
Canterbury
135
Key to Minor First Aid Incidents
1 - 20 Incidents
6 - 10 Incidents
21 - 50 Incidents
11 - 20 Incidents
51 - 150 Incidents
21 - 60 Incidents
151 - 500 Incidents
> 61 Incidents
> 501 Incidents
Otago
7
ND
No Data
Otago
34
ND
No Data
1
Southland
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
3
Southland
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
16
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION ONE
17
CAPABILITY
SEARCHES PER REGION
PREVENTATIVE ACTIONS PER REGION
“Search - Any organised search for a missing person or group either at sea or on land.
Searches include body recoveries”
“Preventative Action - Direct action taken to reduce or eliminate the probability of a
specific rescue, first aid or other reportable incident occuring”
Figure 11
EARCHES
2018–19: Patrol
PER
Searches
REGION
per Region
Figure 12
PREVENTATIVE
2018–19:
ACTIONS
Preventative Actions
PER
per
REGION
Region
Northland
12
Northland 3,787
158
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
57
20,117 Auckland
Bay of Plenty 13,888
88
Waikato
Gisborne
2
34,388 Waikato
Gisborne 2,728
1
Taranaki
12,183
Taranaki
Hawke’s Bay
7
Hawke’s Bay 3,450
9 Manawatu-Wanganui
6 Nelson
ND Tasman
1,140 Manawatu-Wanganui
58 Nelson
ND Tasman
Wellington
19
Wellington 3,088
Marlborough
0
Marlborough
128
0
West Coast
Canterbury 16
Key to Searches per Region
1 - 5 Searches
0
West Coast
Canterbury 18,134
Key to Preventative Actions per Region
1 - 1,000 Actions
6 - 10 Searches
1,001 - 5,000 Actions
11 - 20 Searches
5,001 - 15,000 Actions
21 - 60 Searches
15,001 - 25,000 Actions
> 61 Searches
> 25,000 Actions
Otago
5
ND
No Data
Otago 5,197
ND
No Data
0
Southland
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
21
Southland
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
18
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION ONE
19
CAPABILITY
FATA L D R O W N I N G
ANALYSIS
SECTION TWO
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
320 89%
MALE
BEACH &
COASTAL FATAL
DROWNINGS
11%
FEMALE
LOCATION
39%
SURF BEACH
15%
ROCKY
FORESHORE
14%
HARBOUR
ACTIVITY
22%
SWIMMING/WADING
20%
FALLS
15%
BOATING
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
Each fatal drowning is a tragedy in its own right; it affects
not only close family and friends but the wider community.
The research presented here aims to report and categorise
fatal drownings, to better inform strategic decision making
for preventative educational programmes and community
engagement initiatives. The following section focuses on
fatal drownings that have occured between 2009-19.
Between 2009-19 there were 320 fatal drownings.
Auckland has the highest number of fatal drownings
(n=96), followed by Northland (n=55) and Waikato (n=31).
Surf beaches were the most dangerous environment with
125 fatalities, followed by fatalities that occurred 0-1 km
from shore (n=51) and within harbours (n=46) respectively.
The majority of beach and coastal fatal drownings occurred
while swimming/wading (n=71) followed by incidents due to
falls (n=65) and boating (n=47).
Figure 13
2009-19: Total Number of New Zealand Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings per Year (n=320); Comparison of New
Zealand vs Australian Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per 100,000 pop.
Fatal Drownings (n)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Fatal Drownings
NZ Fatal Drowning Rate
AUS Fatal Drowning Rate
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
Figure 14
2009-14 and 2014-19 Five-Year Average Beach and
Coastal Fatal Drownings and Average Fatal Drowning
Rate per 100,000 pop.
2009-14
AVERAGE
DROWNING RATE
0.70
PER 100,000 POPULATION
AVERAGE FATAL
DROWNINGS
27
PER YEAR
2014-19
AVERAGE
DROWNING RATE
0.85
PER 100,000 POPULATION
AVERAGE FATAL
DROWNINGS
37
PER YEAR
The New Zealand beach and coastal fatal drowning
numbers and fatal drowning rates per 100,000 pop. for
2009-19 are shown above. The 2018-19 fatal drowning
rate per 100,000 population in NZ is 0.70, which is below
the 10-year average (0.78 per 100,000 pop.). The New
Zealand 10-year average beach and coastal fatal drowning
rate per 100,000 pop. is 70% higher than the Australian 10-
year average fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. When
comparing the first half of the decade (2009-14) to the latter
(2014-2019), nationally there has been an increase from 27
(2009-14) fatal drownings on average to 37 per year (2014-
19).
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
The New Zealand 10-year
average beach and coastal fatal
drowning rate is 70% higher than
the Australian 10-year average,
and is on the increase.
Figure 15
2009-19: Total Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings and Fatal Drowning Rate per 100,000 Population for the 16
Regions (n=320)
Between 2009-19 there were 320 fatal drownings. Auckland (n=96) experiences the highest fatal drowning number
per region, followed by Northland (n=55). However, Northland had the highest average fatal drowning rate per
region (3.29 per 100,000 pop.).
Fatal Drownings (n)
100
80
65
40
20
0
AUK
NTL
WKO
Fatal Drownings
Average Fatal Drowning Rate
WGN
Figure 16
2009-19: Age Groups and Gender Represented in
Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings (n=320)
Age groups above 15 years old have a fatal drowning
toll over 44. The 35-44 age group has the highest fatal
drowning number (n=58). The fatal drowning rate for
males is greater than females across all age groups. The
35-44 and 45-54 age groups have the highest Female fatal
drowning rates. The 15-24 and 35-44 age groups have the
highest Male fatal drowning rate.
Fatal Drownings (n)
60
50
40
30
20
10
Male
Female
BOP
CAN
HKB
OTA
STL
Region
89%
MALE
0
0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Age
More adults are fatally 11%
11%
drowning than children FEMALE
TKI
WTC
MWT
TAS
More males are fatally
drowning than females
89%
MBH
MALE
GIS
NSN
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
MALE
11%
89%
FEMALE
FEMALE
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
22
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION TWO FATAL DROWNING ANALYSIS / 10 YEAR OVERVIEW 2009-19
23
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
Figure 17
2009-19 (10-Year Average) and 2018-19: Total Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by Ethnicity
When analysing total fatal drownings per ethnicity, NZ Europeans represented the highest number (n=11) of total fatal
drownings on average per year (2009-19), followed by Maori (n=9) and Pacific People (n=5). In 2018-19, the Asian fatal
drowning total (n=6) was the only total that exceeded the 10-year average. NZ European (n=9), Maori (n=7) and Pacific
Peoples (n=3) all had fatal drowning totals that dropped below their 10-year averages.
Fatal Drownings (n)
Rate (per 100,000 pop.)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2.0
1.5
1.04
0.5
0
Average Fatal Drownings per Year (2009-19)
Total Fatal Drownings (2018-19)
ASIAN MAORI NZ EUROPEAN PACIFIC PEOPLES OTHER*
Fatal Drowning Rate (2009-19)
Fatal Drowning Rate (2018-19)
Ethnicity
Figure 18
2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates by Ethnicity
Between 2009-19, Pacific Peoples recorded the highest fatal drowning rate (1.69 per 100,000 pop.) of any ethnicity,
followed by Maori (1.27 per 100,000 pop.) and Asian ethnicities (0.92 per 100,000 pop.). In 2018/19, Maori represented
the highest fatal drowning rate of any ethnicity (0.92 per 100,000 pop.), closely followed by Asian (0.85 per 100,000 pop.)
and Pacific Peoples (0.79 per 100,000 pop.). However, in 2018-19 all ethnicities recorded a drop in their fatal drowning
rates when compared to the 10-year average.
ASIAN MAORI NZ EUROPEAN PACIFIC PEOPLES OTHER*
Ethnicity
Between 2009-19, Pacific Peoples recorded the highest fatal
drowning rate (1.69 per 100,000 pop.) of any ethnicity
(*represents all other ethnicities)
(*represents all other ethnicities)
Figure 19
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by Month (n=320)
The highest percentage of beach and coastal fatal drownings occurred in January (n=56), followed by December (n=44)
and February (n=44). Between 2009-19, 55% of drownings occurred outside of the summer months.
Fatal Drownings (n)
20
15
10
5
0
Fatal Drownings
Summer Season
JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
Figure 20
2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-199 Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings per Activity
The listed activities below represent the top eight causes of fatal drowning on beach and coastal areas (2009-19) and inform
our national coastal safety priorities. In 2018-19, the number of drowning deaths while snorkelling, rock fishing, shell/net
fishing, attempting a rescue and using watercraft were above the 10-year average. Swimming/wading, boating and fallrelated
incidents were below the 10-year average.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2009-19
7
2009-19
7
2009-19
5
2009-19
3
2018-19
6
2018-19
3
2018-19
0
2018-19
7
Year
SNORKELLING
2009-19
3
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
3
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
2
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
2
2018-19
5
2018-19
7
2018-19
1
2018-19
2
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION TWO FATAL DROWNING ANALYSIS / 10 YEAR OVERVIEW 2009-19
24 25
2009-19 NZ FATAL DROWNINGS PER REGION
10 YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
Fatal Drownings Per Region
Northland
55
96
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
23
34
Waikato
Gisborne
2
8
Taranaki
Hawke’s Bay
16
4
4
Manawatu-Wanganui
Tasman
ND
Nelson
Wellington
27
Marlborough
3
7
West Coast
Canterbury
18
Key to 2009-19 Fatal Drownings
1 - 5 Fatal Drownings
6 - 15 Fatal Drownings
16 - 25 Fatal Drownings
26 - 50 Fatal Drownings
> 51 Fatal Drownings
Otago
13
ND
No Data
10
Southland
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT SECTION TWO FATAL DROWNING ANALYSIS / 10 YEAR OVERVIEW 2009-19
26 27
FATA L D R O W N I N G
ANALYSIS
SECTION THREE
1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
33
82%
MALE
BEACH &
COASTAL FATAL
DROWNINGS
18%
FEMALE
LOCATION
49%
SURF BEACH
18%
ROCKY
FORESHORE
9%
HARBOUR
ACTIVITY
21%
ROCK FISHING
21%
WATERCRAFT
18%
SWIMMING/WADING
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
NATIONAL OVERVIEW
1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
In 2018-19 there were 33 fatal drownings on beach and coastal areas. Auckland had the highest fatalities
per region (n=9), followed by Northland (n=7) and Waikato (n=5).
The majority of fatalities occurred while rock fishing (n=7) and using a watercraft (n=7), followed by
swimming/wading (n=6).
Surf beaches were the most dangerous environment with nearly half (n=16) of all fatalities occurring here.
Figure 22
2018-19: Total Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings per Region (n=33)
8-19 FATAL DROWNINGS PER REGION
LOCATION
49%
SURF BEACH
ACTIVITY
2 Southland
21%
ROCK FISHING
33
9 Auckland 82%
MALE
5 Waikato
18%
BEACH &
COASTAL FATAL
DROWNINGS
0
18%
ROCKY
FORESHORE
West Coast
0
21%
WATERCRAFT
0
Otago 4
Taranaki
Northland
FEMALE
0 Manawatu-Wanganui
ND Nelson
Tasman
9%
HARBOUR
18%
SWIMMING/WADING
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
7
Marlborough 1
Canterbury 0
Key to 2018-19 Fatal Drownings
ND
Bay of Plenty
Wellington
3
1 - 2 Fatalities
3 - 4 Fatalities
5 - 7 Fatalities
8 - 9 Fatalities
> 10 Fatalities
No Data
1
Hawke’s Bay
Gisborne
1
0
Figure 23
2018-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by Age
and Gender (n=33)
The age group representing the highest rate of fatal
drownings is the 45-54 age group (0.18 rate per
100,000 pop.). Within this age group (45-54) females made
up almost half (44%) of the fatal drownings (n=4). Between
2018-19, 82% of fatal drownings were male (n=27).
Fatal Drownings (n)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Male
Female
0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
9%
15%
6%
Rock Fishing
Watercraft
Swimming/Wading
6%
Age Groups
3%
22%
Rock
Fishing
18%
Snorkelling
Fall
Scuba Diving
22%
21%
0.2
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.0
Attempting a Rescue
Net/Shell Fishing
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Figure 24
2018-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=33)
The majority of beach and coastal fatal drownings
occurred while rock fishing (n=7) and using watercraft
(n=7), followed by swimming/wading (n=6).
Figure 25
2018-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by Month
(n=33)
Of the 33 fatal drownings, the majority (42%) occurred
in January (n=8) and February (n=6). The yellow line
indicates the 10-year average fatal drownings per month.
June recorded 15% of all fatal drownings (n=5), with more
than double the amount of fatal drownings when compared
to the 10-year average (n=2).
Fatal Drownings (n)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Fatal Drownings (2018-19)
Average Fatal Drownings (2009-19)
0
JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
Month
Figure 26
2018-19: Location of Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings (n=33)
The majority of fatal drownings occurred at a surf
beach (n=16), on rocky foreshores (n=6) or in
harbours (n=3).
9%
6%
3%
3%
3%
9%
49%
Surf
Beach
18%
Surf Beach
Rocky Foreshore
0-1km from Shore
Harbour
Estuary
Calm Water Beach
49%
Marinas
Rivers
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION THREE FATAL DROWNING ANALYSIS / 1 YEAR OVERVIEW 2018-19
30 31
N O N - FATA L
DROWNING ANALYSIS
SECTION FOUR
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
NON-FATAL DROWNING
A subset of drowning, the process of experiencing
respiratory impairment from submersion/
immersion in liquid, where the outcome is
classified as morbidity and no morbidity.
253
NON-FATAL
DROWNING
INCIDENTS
AVERAGE NON-FATAL
DROWNINGS
PER YEAR
25
37%
UNDER THE AGE OF
25
1:1.86
RATIO FATAL : NON-FATAL
DROWNING INCIDENTS
(all ages)
1:15
0-14 YEARS OLD RATIO
FATAL : NON-FATAL
DROWNING INCIDENTS
NON-FATAL DROWNING OVERVIEW
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
COMPARISON OF NON-FATAL AND
FATAL DROWNINGS ON NEW ZEALAND
BEACHES BETWEEN 2009-19
The focus of drowning prevention research has long
been on fatal drowning. However, this is only part of the
total drowning toll. Non-fatal drowning incidents are more
difficult to quantify but are still significant and can often
result in life-changing injuries and illnesses. The social cost
to New Zealand of one severe water-related injury resulting
in hospitalisation has been estimated at $472,900 (WSNZ,
2019).
Between 2009 and 2019, there were 253 cases of nonfatal
drownings recorded on beaches, representing an
average of 25 non-fatal beach drowning cases per year.
For this report, we have assumed beach specific non-fatal
data includes both surf and calm water beach types.
*The non-fatal drowning data used in this report is based
on hospital stays of at least 24 hours and has been provided
by WSNZ’s as recorded in DrownBase. A large amount of
environmental coding is set to ‘large body of water’ which
does not allow for more specific data breakdown. There
are likely more non-fatal cases that have occurred within
the coastal environment; however, due to the hospital
coding limitations highlighted above, many cases are
indeterminable at this stage.
To calculate the ratio of fatal to non-fatal drowning
incidents, the total number (n=136*) of fatal beach drowning
incidents (surf beach and calm water beach) was compared
with the total number of non-fatal beach incidents (n=253).
The average ratio of fatal to non-fatal drowning incidents
from 2009-19 is 1:1.86. This figure indicates that for every
fatal beach drowning, there are 1.86 non-fatal beach
TOTAL FATAL
DROWNINGS
drowning incidents. The rate is highly variable across age
groups – children and young adolescences (0-14) show the
highest ratio (1:15), which indicates that for every fatal beach
drowning, there are 15 non-fatal drowning incidents. On the
other end of the spectrum, the 55 – 64 age group represents
the lowest ratio (1.28), indicating that for every fatal beach
drowning death, there are 1.28 non-fatal drownings.
TOTAL NON-FATAL
DROWNINGS
NON-FATAL
DROWNING INCIDENTS
253
BETWEEN 2009-19
37%
AVERAGE NON-FATAL
DROWNING INCIDENTS
25
PER YEAR
UNDER THE AGE OF
25
70%
MALE
30%
FEMALE
136 * 253
RATIO FATAL : NON-FATAL
1 : 1.86
0-14 YEARS OLD RATIO
FATAL : NON-FATAL 1 : 15
55-64 YEARS OLD RATIO
FATAL : NON-FATAL 1 : 1.28
Figure 27
2009-19: Non-Fatal Drowning Incidents on Beaches by Year and Gender (n=253)
Figure 28
2009-19: Fatal and Non-Fatal Drowning Incidents on Beaches by Year (n=389)
Non-Fatal Drownings (n)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Female
Male
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
Drownings (n)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Non-Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drownings
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SECTION FOUR NON-FATAL DROWNING ANALYSIS / 10 YEAR OVERVIEW 2009-19
34 35
REGIONAL OVERVIEWS
NZ Regions
SECTION FIVE
Northland
Auckland
Bay of Plenty
Waikato
Gisborne
Taranaki
Hawke’s Bay
Manawatu-Wanganui
Tasman
Nelson
Wellington
Marlborough
West Coast
Canterbury
Otago
Southland
NORTHLAND
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 29
2009-19: Northland Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings (n=55)
In 2018-19, there were seven fatal drownings in Northland.
This figure was above the 10-year average of six. The 2018-
19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was 3.91, which is
above the average 10-year rate (3.29); and higher than the
rest of the country.
Fatal Drownings (n)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
2010-11
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Swimming/Wading
Watercraft
Net/Shell Fishing
Fall
Boating
Snorkelling
Rock Fishing
Attempting a Rescue
Figure 31
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19 fatal drownings per 100,000 pop. were lower than the 10-year average (2009-19) in swimming/wading,
snorkelling, net/shell fishing and attempting a rescue activities. However, annual drowning rates per 100,000 pop. (2018-19)
were up in falls, boating, watercraft and rock fishing activities when compared to the 10-year average.
SWIMMING / WADING
SNORKELLING
FALL
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2009-19
0.85
2009-19
0.29
2009-19
0.23
2009-19
0.25
2018-19
0.56
2018-19
0.56
2018-19
0.56
2018-19
2.23
Figure 30
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=55)
Within the Northland region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred when swimming/wading (n=14),
watercraft (n=12) and net/shell fishing (n=9).
7%
7%
9%
7%
7%
16%
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.54
2009-19
0.24
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.24
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.72
25%
22%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.56
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
55
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 55
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
6
PER YEAR
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
YEAR OLD MALE
SWIMMERS/WADERS
87%
MALE
13%
FEMALE
AVERAGE FATALITY
3.29
PER 100,000 POPULATION
45+ 45+
YEAR OLD
MALE BOATERS
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
7 3.91
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
14%
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
14%
15%
15%
14%
Surf Beach
0-1 Km from Shore
14%
Watercraft
Fall
57%
Surf Beach
57%
Watercraft
PER 100,000 POPULATION
Estuary
Rivers
Swimming/Wading
Net/Shell Fishing
57%
57%
38
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
AUCKLAND
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 32
2009–19: Auckland Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings (n=96)
In 2018-19, there were nine fatal drownings in Auckland.
This was just under the 10-year average of 10. The 2018-19
fatal drowning rate per 100,000 was 0.53, this is below the
average 10-year rate (0.63).
Fatal Drownings (n)
20
15
10
5
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Figure 33
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=96)
Within the Auckland region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred when swimming/wading (n=26),
boating (n=24) and through falls (n=21).
8%
23%
6%
4%
3% 2%
26%
28%
Swimming/Wading
Boating
Fall
Watercraft
Rock Fishing
Attempting a Rescue
Snorkelling
Net/Shell Fishing
Figure 34
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
Fatal drownings per 100,000 population in 2018-19 were lower than the 10 year average in swimming/wading, falls,
boating and net/shell fishing. However annual drowning rates (2018-19) were up in watercraft, snorkelling, rock fishing and
attempting a rescue activities when compared to the 10-year average.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2009-19
0.17
2009-19
0.14
2009-19
0.16
2009-19
0.04
2018-19
0.12
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.06
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.02
2009-19
0.03
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.02
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.05
2018-19
0.06
2018-19
0.18
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.06
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
96
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
93%
MALE
7%
FEMALE
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 96
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
10
PER YEAR
AVERAGE FATALITY
0.63
PER 100,000 POPULATION
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
15-34 45+
YEAR OLD MALE YEAR OLD
SWIMMERS/WADERS MALE BOATERS
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
9 0.53
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
11%
11%
11%
11%
11%
11%
Rock Fishing
Swimming/Wading
Scuba Diving
78%
Surf Beach
34%
PER 100,000 POPULATION
78%
Surf Beach Harbour Estuary
22%
34%
Snorkelling
Watercraft
Attempting a Rescue
40
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
WAIKATO
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 35
2009-19: Waikato Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings
In 2018-19, there were five fatal drownings in Waikato. This
figure was above the 10-year average (2009-19) of three.
The 2018-19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was
1.07, which is higher than the 10-year average drowning
rate (0.78).
Fatal Drownings (n)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
Figure 36
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=34)
Within the Waikato region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred when swimming/wading (n=8)
and due to falls (n=5).
Swimming/Wading
Fall
Boating
Net/Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Snorkelling
Attempting a Rescue
Watercraft
Figure 37
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19 fatal drownings per 100,000 pop. were lower than the 10-year average (2009-19) in the following activities;
boating, watercraft, snorkelling, net/shell fishing and falls. However, annual drowning rates per 100,000 pop. (2018-19)
were up in swimming/wading, rock fishing and attempting a rescue activities when compared to the 10-year average.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2011-12
BOATING
2012-13
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2009-19
0.18
2009-19
0.12
2009-19
0.09
2009-19
0.02
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
0.43
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
13%
13%
13%
4% 3% 13%
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
25%
Swimming/
Wading
2009-19
0.10
2009-19
0.09
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.11
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.02
25%
16%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.43
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.21
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
34
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
3
PER YEAR
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
91%
MALE
9%
FEMALE
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 34
AVERAGE FATALITY
0.78
PER 100,000 POPULATION
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
15-34 15-44
YEAR OLD MALE YEAR OLD
SWIMMERS/WADERS NET/SHELL FISHERMEN
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
5 1.07
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
40%
20%
20%
80%
Surf Beach
Surf Beach
40% 40%
Swimming/
Wading
PER 100,000 POPULATION
80%
Rocky Foreshore
40%
Rock Fishing Swimming/Wading Attempting a Rescue
42
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
BAY OF PLENTY
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 38
2009-19: Bay of Plenty Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings
In 2018-19, beach and coastal drownings in the Bay of
Plenty dropped below the 10-year average (2009-19). The
2018-19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was 0.33,
which was lower than the 10-year average rate (0.80).
Fatal Drownings (n)
5
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
2010-11
Figure 39
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=23)
Within the Bay of Plenty region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred due to falls (n=8), boating (n=5)
and swimming/wading (n=3).
Fall
Boating
Swimming/Wading
Snorkelling
Rock Fishing
Watercraft
Attempting a Rescue
Figure 40
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19 fatal drownings per 100,000 pop. were lower than the 10-year average in most activities, watercraft related
activities were the exception.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2011-12
BOATING
2012-13
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
Fatal Drowning Rate
2014-15
Year
2009-19
0.10
2009-19
0.80
2009-19
0.18
2015-16
2009-19
0.07
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.33
2018-19
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
9%
9%
13%
8%
4%
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
35%
Fall
22%
2009-19
0.07
2009-19
0.07
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.00
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.04
35%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
23
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
2
PER YEAR
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
45+
YEAR OLD MALES
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
86%
MALE
14%
FEMALE
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 23
AVERAGE FATALITY
0.80
PER 100,000 POPULATION
FALLS
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
1 0.33
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
100%
Harbour
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
100%
Watercraft
PER 100,000 POPULATION
44
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
GISBORNE
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 41
2009-19: Gisborne Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings
There were a total of two fatal drownings in the Gisborne
region between 2009-19. These drownings occurred in back
to back years (2013-14, 2014-15).
Fatal Drownings (n)
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Figure 42
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=2)
Within the Gisborne region, one fatal drowning was related
to snorkelling, and one was attributed to diving/jumping.
Snorkelling
Diving/Jumping
Figure 43
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities.
50%
50%
Diving/
Jumping
50%
Snorkelling
50%
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
2
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
0 0.00
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
PER 100,000 POPULATION
SNORKELLING
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
0.00
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.21
2009-19
0.00
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.00
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
2018-19 0.00
JUMPING/DIVING
2009-19
0.21
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 2
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS AVERAGE FATALITY
HAWKE’S BAY
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 44
2009-19: Hawke’s Bay Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings
In 2018-19, there was a single fatal drowning in Hawke’s
Bay, which is below the 10-year average of (n=2). The 2018-
19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was one, which is
lower than the average 10-year rate (1.0).
Fatal Drownings (n)
5
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
Figure 45
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=16)
Within the Hawke’s Bay region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred when attempting a rescue (n=4),
due to falls (n=4) and swimming/wading (n=3).
Attempting a Rescue
Fall
Swimming/Wading
Boating
Rock Fishing
Figure 46
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities. However, scuba
diving, had a rate of 0.60, which was higher than the average 10-year fatal drowning rate (0.19).
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2011-12
BOATING
2012-13
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2009-19
0.18
2009-19
0.25
2009-19
0.13
2015-16
2009-19
0.00
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
21%
14%
7%
SNORKELLING
29%
Attempting
a Rescue
ROCK FISHING
NET / SHELL FISHING
29%
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.06
2009-19
0.00
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.25
29%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
2
PER YEAR
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
35-54
YEAR OLD MALES
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
81%
MALE
19%
FEMALE
16
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 16
AVERAGE FATALITY
1.00
PER 100,000 POPULATION
SCUBA DIVERS
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
1 0.60
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
100%
Surf Beach
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
100%
Scuba Diving
PER 100,000 POPULATION
48
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
TARANAKI
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 47
2009-19: Taranaki Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings
In 2018-19, there were no fatal drownings in Taranaki,
which is below the 10-year average (n=1). The 2009-19
fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was 0.71.
Fatal Drownings (n)
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Figure 48
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=8)
Within the Taranaki region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred due to falls (n=3).
Figure 49
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities.
13%
13%
13%
38%
Fall
13%
38%
Fall
Swimming/Wading
Boating
Rock Fishing
Attempting a Rescue
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
8
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 8
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
0 0.00
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
PER 100,000 POPULATION
SWIMMING / WADING
SNORKELLING
FALL
2009-19
0.09
2018-19
0.00
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
1
PER YEAR
AVERAGE FATALITY
0.71
PER 100,000 POPULATION
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2009-19
0.27
2009-19
0.09
2009-19
0.09
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2009-19
0.09
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.00
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.09
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
88%
MALE
12%
FEMALE
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
50
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
MANAWATU-WANGANUI
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 50
2009-19: Manawatu-Wanganui Beach and Coastal
Fatal Drownings
In 2018-19, there were no fatal drownings in Manawatu-
Wanganui. The 2009-19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000
pop. was 0.17.
Fatal Drownings (n)
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
Figure 51
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=4)
Within the Manawatu-Wanganui region, three fatal
drownings occurred when swimming/wading, one was
related to snorkelling.
Figure 52
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2011-12
BOATING
2012-13
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2009-19
0.13
2015-16
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
25%
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
75%
2009-19
0.04
2009-19
0.00
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.00
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.00
75%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
Swimming/Wading
Snorkelling
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
WELLINGTON
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 53
2009-19: Wellington Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings
In 2018-19, there were three fatal drownings in Wellington,
which is equal to the 10-year average (2009-19). The 2018-
19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was lower than the
average 10-year rate (0.68).
Fatal Drownings (n)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2010-11
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2011-12
Figure 54
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=27)
Within the Wellington region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred when swimming/wading (n=7),
watercraft (n=5) and caused by falls (n=5).
Swimming/Wading
Fall
Watercraft
Snorkelling
Boating
Attempting a Rescue
Net/Shell Fishing
Figure 55
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drownings per 100,000 pop. were lower than the 10-year average (2009-19) in boating, snorkelling, net/
shell fishing and attempting a rescue activities. However, annual drowning rates (2018-19) were up in swimming/wading,
watercraft activities and falls when compared to the 10-year average.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2012-13
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2009-19
0.18
2009-19
0.13
2009-19
0.08
2009-19
0.12
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
0.19
2018-19
0.19
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.19
2018-19
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
12%
11%
8%
19%
4%
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
27%
Swimming/
Wading
2009-19
0.07
2009-19
0.00
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.03
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.05
27%
19%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
3
PER YEAR
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
25-34
YEAR OLD MALES
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
87%
MALE
13%
FEMALE
27
FATAL
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 27
AVERAGE FATALITY
0.68
PER 100,000 POPULATION
SWIMMERS/WADERS
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
3 0.58
DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
33%
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
33%
34%
Calm Water
Beach
33%
PER 100,000 POPULATION
34%
Fall
33%
34%
Calm Water Beach Harbour Rocky Foreshore
34%
Fall Swimming/Wading Watercraft
54
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
TASMAN
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 56
2009-19: Tasman Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings
In 2018-19, there were no fatal drownings in Tasman. The
2009-19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was 0.82.
2
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2.5
Figure 57
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=4)
Within the Tasman region, fatal drownings occurred when
swimming/wading (n=2), rock fishing (n=1) and shell/net
fishing (n=1).
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
0 0.00
PER 100,000 POPULATION
Fatal Drownings (n)
1
0
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
Year
2014-15
Figure 58
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities.
SWIMMING / WADING
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
25%
25%
SNORKELLING
75%
50%
Swimming/Wading
Rock Fishing
Net/Shell Fishing
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
4
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 4
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
FALL
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2009-19
0.42
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.23
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.20
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
MARLBOROUGH
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 59
2009-19: Marlborough Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings
In 2018-19, there was one fatal drowning in Marlborough.
The 2018-19 fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop was
2.15, which is higher than the 10-year average (0.65).
Fatal Drownings (n)
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Figure 60
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=3)
Within the Marlborough region, two fatal drownings were
related to falls, and 1 was attributed to scuba diving.
Figure 61
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19 fatal drowing rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities, with the exception of
falls, which had a higher rate (2.15) when compared to the 10-year average (0.43).
34%
66%
Fall
66%
Fall
Scuba diving
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
3
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 3
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
1 2.15
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
100%
Marina
PER 100,000 POPULATION
SWIMMING / WADING
SNORKELLING
FALL
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
WEST COAST
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 62
2009-19: West Coast Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings
In 2018-19, there were no fatal drownings. The 2009-19
fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop was 2.13.
Fatal Drownings (n)
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Figure 63
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=7)
Within the West Coast region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred due to snorkelling (n=3).
Figure 64
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities.
17%
16%
17%
50%
Fall
50%
Fall
Net/Shell Fishing
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
7
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 7
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
0 0.00
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
PER 100,000 POPULATION
SWIMMING / WADING
SNORKELLING
FALL
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
1
PER YEAR
AVERAGE FATALITY
2.13
PER 100,000 POPULATION
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
2009-19
0.91
2009-19
0.31
2009-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2009-19
0.00
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.34
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.30
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
86%
MALE
14%
FEMALE
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
60
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
CANTERBURY
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 65
2009-19: Canterbury Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings
In 2018-19, there were no fatal drownings in Canterbury.
The average 10-year fatal drowning rate per 100,000 pop.
is 0.31
Fatal Drownings (n)
5
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
Figure 66
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=18)
Within the Canterbury region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred due to falls (n=5), swimming/
wading (n=3) and snorkelling (n=3).
Fall
Snorkelling
Swimming/Wading
Boating
Rock Fishing
Net/Shell Fishing
Figure 67
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in all activities.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2011-12
BOATING
2012-13
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2015-16
2009-19
0.05
2009-19
0.09
2009-19
0.03
2009-19
0.00
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
14%
13%
19%
6%
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
31%
Fall
NET / SHELL FISHING
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
29%
2009-19
0.05
2009-19
0.03
2009-19
0.02
2009-19
0.00
31%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
2
PER YEAR
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
45-64
YEAR OLD MALES
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
89%
MALE
11%
FEMALE
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 18
AVERAGE FATALITY
0.31
PER 100,000 POPULATION
FALLS
18
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
0 0.00
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
ZERO
Fatal
Drownings
PER 100,000 POPULATION
62
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
OTAGO
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 68
2009-19: Otago Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings
In 2018-19, there were four fatal drownings in Otago, which
is above the 10-year average of one. The 2018-19 fatal
drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was 1.75, which is higher
than the average 10-year rate (0.61).
Fatal Drownings (n)
5
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
Figure 69
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=13)
Within the Otago region, the majority of beach and coastal
fatalities occurred due to snorkelling (n=5) and falls (n=4).
Snorkelling
Fall
Boating
Watercraft
Rock Fishing
Figure 70
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19 fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in most activities. Snorkelling
related incidents were the exception.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2011-12
BOATING
2012-13
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.19
2009-19
0.10
2015-16
2009-19
0.05
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
15%
8%
8%
38%
Snorkelling
31%
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
2009-19
0.22
2009-19
0.05
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.00
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.25
38%
2018-19
1.75
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
1
PER YEAR
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
15-54
YEAR OLD MALES
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
81%
MALE
19%
FEMALE
13
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 13
AVERAGE FATALITY
0.61
PER 100,000 POPULATION
SNORKELLERS
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
4 1.75
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
50%
50%
0-1Km
from Shore
0-1Km from Shore
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
100%
Snorkelling
PER 100,000 POPULATION
50%
Rocky
Foreshore
Rocky Foreshore
50%
64
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SOUTHLAND
FATAL DROWNING SNAPSHOT
Figure 71
2009-19: Southland Beach and Coastal Fatal
Drownings
In 2018-19, there were two fatal drownings in Southland,
just above the 10-year average of one. The 2018-19 fatal
drowning rate per 100,000 pop. was 2.02, which is above
the average 10-year rate (1.02).
Fatal Drownings (n)
4
3
2
1
0
2009-10
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
2010-11
Figure 72
2009-19: Beach and Coastal Fatal Drownings by
Activity (n=10)
Within the Southland region, the majority of beach and
coastal fatalities occurred when rock fishing (n=3).
Figure 73
Comparison of Beach and Coastal Fatal Drowning Rates per Activity: 2009-19 (10-year average) and 2018-19
In 2018-19, fatal drowning rates (per 100,000 pop.) were lower than the 10-year average in most activities, rock fishing
incidents were the exception.
SWIMMING / WADING
FALL
2011-12
BOATING
2012-13
WATERCRAFT
2013-14
2014-15
Year
2009-19
0.10
2009-19
0.10
2009-19
0.00
2009-19
0.10
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
12%
12%
12%
13%
SNORKELLING
ROCK FISHING
38%
Rock
Fishing
13%
2009-19
0.10
2009-19
0.30
NET / SHELL FISHING
2009-19
0.11
ATTEMPTING A RESCUE
2009-19
0.25
38%
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
2.20
2018-19
0.00
2018-19
0.00
Rock Fishing
Net/Shell Fishing
Snorkelling
Watercraft
Fall
Swimming/Wading
10-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19 1-YEAR OVERVIEW | 2018-19
10
Attempting a Rescue
Boating
Diving / Jumping
Fall
AVERAGE FATAL DROWNINGS
1
PER YEAR
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
15-34
YEAR OLD MALES
Net / Shell Fishing
Rock Fishing
Scuba Diving
Snorkeling
100%
MALE
0%
FEMALE
Swimming / Wading
Watercraft
TOTAL FATAL DROWNINGS: 10
AVERAGE FATALITY
1.02
PER 100,000 POPULATION
ROCK FISHING
FATAL DROWNINGS
AVERAGE FATALITY
2 2.02
FATAL DROWNINGS BY LOCATION
100%
Rocky
Foreshore
FATAL DROWNINGS BY ACTIVITY
100%
Rock
Fishing
PER 100,000 POPULATION
66
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
10 YEAR ACTIVITY
OVERVIEW 2009-19
SECTION SIX
71
65
SWIMMING/
WADING
FALLS
(TRIPS/SLIPS)
47
30
27
BOATING
WATERCRAFT
SNORKELLING
SNAPSHOT: SWIMMING/WADING
10 YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
2009-2019
SNAPSHOT: FALLS
10 YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
2009-2019
AVERAGE FATAL
DROWNINGS PER YEAR
FATAL DROWNINGS
71
AVERAGE FATALITY RATE
PER 100,000 POPULATION
14
26
8
AVERAGE FATAL
DROWNINGS PER YEAR
FATAL DROWNINGS
65
AVERAGE FATALITY RATE
PER 100,000 POPULATION
5
21
5
7
0.16
1
3
0
7
0.14
3
8
0
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
15-34
YEAR OLD MALES (NZ EUROPEAN)
0
2
0
3
7
3
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
55+
YEAR OLD MALES (NZ EUROPEAN)
3
0
2
0 3
5
86%
MALE
14%
FEMALE
1
0
3
78%
MALE
12%
FEMALE
1
4
5
SWIMMING & WADING FATAL DROWNINGS 2009-19
FALLS FATAL DROWNINGS 2009-19
Fatal Drownings (n)
12
10
8
6
4
2
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Fatal Drownings (n)
12
10
8
6
4
2
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
0
2009-10
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
0.00
0
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
0.00
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT SECTION SIX 10 YEAR ACTIVITY OVERVIEW 2009-19
70 71
SNAPSHOT: BOATING
10 YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
2009-2019
SNAPSHOT: WATERCRAFT
10 YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
2009-2019
AVERAGE FATAL
DROWNINGS PER YEAR
FATAL DROWNINGS
47
AVERAGE FATALITY RATE
PER 100,000 POPULATION
3
24
4
AVERAGE FATAL
DROWNINGS PER YEAR
FATAL DROWNINGS
30
AVERAGE FATALITY RATE
PER 100,000 POPULATION
12
7
1
5
0.10
1
5
0
3
0.07
1
2
0
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
55+
YEAR OLD MALES (PACIFIC PEOPLES)
1
0
0
0
3
2
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
45-54
YEAR OLD MALES (NZ EUROPEAN)
0
0
0
0 0
5
97%
MALE
3%
FEMALE
0
2
2
90%
MALE
10%
FEMALE
1
1
0
BOATING FATAL DROWNINGS 2009-19
WATERCRAFT FATAL DROWNINGS 2009-19
14
12
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
0.30
0.25
8
7
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
0.20
Fatal Drownings (n)
10
8
6
4
0.20
0.15
0.10
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
Fatal Drownings (n)
6
5
4
3
2
0.15
0.10
0.05
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
2
0.05
1
0
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
0.00
0
2009-10
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
0.00
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT SECTION SIX 10 YEAR ACTIVITY OVERVIEW 2009-19
72 73
SNAPSHOT: SNORKELLING
10 YEAR OVERVIEW | 2009-19
2009-2019
This report is our way of drawing a
line in the sand. We, Surf Life Saving
New Zealand, are saying “Enough is
Enough”. No more unnecessary deaths
from drowning on our beaches and
along our coastline.
FATAL DROWNINGS
27
4
AVERAGE FATAL
DROWNINGS PER YEAR
AVERAGE FATALITY RATE
PER 100,000 POPULATION
3
4
3
0.06
0
2
1
KEY DEMOGRAPHIC
30-54
YEAR OLD MALES (MAORI)
0
0
0
1
3
0
96%
MALE
4%
FEMALE
1
5
3
SNORKELLING FATAL DROWNINGS 2009-19
Fatal Drownings (n)
5
4
3
2
1
Fatal Drownings
Fatal Drowning Rate
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
Fatal Drowning Rate
(per 100,000 pop.)
0
2009-10
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Year
0.00
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT SECTION SIX 10 YEAR ACTIVITY OVERVIEW 2009-19
74 75
KEY TERMS
Adult – For this report, adults refer to a person 15 years of
age and over, which aligns with the Stats NZ Tatauranga
Aotearoa classification.
Assist – Where a person requires assistance to return to shore
but would most likely be able to get themselves out of danger
if unaided.
Attempting a Rescue – Trying to retrieve a person in distress
and deliver them to a place of safety.
Beach – A wave-deposited accumulation of sediment – usually
sand, but ranging in size up to boulders – deposited between
the upper tidal limit and the offshore area where waves first
start breaking.
Beach Fatal Drowning – Where the location of the fatality
occurs on a surf beach, calm water beach or rocky foreshore
and the cause of death involves drowning or immersion.
Boating – Using either a powered vessel or sailing boat for
pleasure and/or fishing.
Bystander – A person who is present at an incident but not
part of it initially.
Calm Water Beach – An area of estuarine coastline with sand,
gravel or pebbles that contains a sheltered foreshore, with no
surf zone – e.g. harbour beach.
Coastal – Tidal waters (estuary, harbour, marina and river/
harbour bar); ocean up to 1km offshore; or inland up to five
times the width of the inlet/river.
Category 1 Search and Rescue Operations – Search and
Rescue coordinated at a local level by the New Zealand Police;
including land operations, river, lake and inland waterway
operations and close-to-shore marine operations.
Coastal Fatal Drowning – Where the location of the fatality
is in tidal waters (estuary, harbour, marina and river/harbour
bar), in the ocean up to 1km offshore or inland up to five
times the width of the inlet/river and the cause of death
includes drowning or immersion.
Coastal Risk Assessment - A report that recommends levels
of service provision at a location.
Contract Surf Lifeguard Service – Surf Lifeguard services
that are funded by regional councils and local territorial
authorities, and managed by Surf Life Saving New Zealand
or Surf Life Saving Northern Region
Drowning – The process of experiencing respiratory
impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid; outcomes
are classified as death, morbidity and no morbidity.
DrownBase – Database run by Water Safety New Zealand that
collates all of the deaths from drowning in New Zealand. The
dataset also includes information on non-fatal drownings.
Emergency Callout Squads (ECOS) – These are made up
of several combined clubs and volunteer surf lifeguards
attached to external local rescue/emergency services. Squad
members are qualified and equipped to respond to any
incident within the beach and coastal environment.
Emergency Response – An action taken by an SLS entity
in response to a call for assistance from an emergency
management organisation.
Estuary - A partially enclosed coastal body of water that is
either permanently or periodically open to the sea
Falls (trips/slips) – An event that results in a person tripping/
slipping so they end up accidentally immersed in water.
Fatal Drowning Rate – A comparative rate of drowning (as
the cause of death) to the size of the population in a given
area.
First Aid – First aid is the first and immediate assistance given
to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness
or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the
condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.
Harbour – Large inner body of water surrounded on several
sides by prominences of land
Hazard – A source of potential harm.
Incident – Any unplanned event requiring lifesaving services
intervention.
Intervention – An action performed by a Surf Lifeguard to
prevent a situation from deteriorating, which includes injury
or drowning. Interventions include preventative actions,
assists, rescues, searches, major first aids and minor first
aids.
IRB – Inflatable rescue boat.
Major First Aid – Any incident where a victim is administered
some form of advanced medical treatment or requires
hospitalization.
Marina – A boat basin offering dockage and other service for
small craft.
Minor First Aid - Where a victim is administered some form of
minor medical treatment – minor cut, bluebottle sting, sand
in the eye, minor strain or sprains.
Morbidity – Any physical or psychological state considered
to be outside the realm of normal well-being. The term
morbidity is often used to describe illness, impairment, or
degradation of health.
Net Fishing – Using a net to trawl the shallows of a beach/
estuary for fish.
Non-fatal Drowning – A subset of drowning, the process
of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/
immersion in liquid, where the outcome is classified as
morbidity and no morbidity.
Patrol – Surf Lifeguard service to monitor activities in/around
an aquatic environment and respond accordingly through
either preventative actions or rescue operations. A patrol
will use the red and yellow patrol flags to assign a safer
swimming area.
Patrol Flags – Red/yellow horizontally divided flags which
are set after performing a risk assessment to determine the
most suitable area for swimming. The flags identify a zone
for swimming and bodyboarding within a patrolled location.
Patrolled Location – A location supervised by a Surf Lifeguard
service.
Preventative Action – Direct action taken to reduce or
eliminate the probability of a specific rescue, first aid or other
reportable incident from occuring.
Rescue – Where a person requires immediate help to return to
shore (or place of safety) and who without intervention would
have suffered distress, injury or drowning.
Risk-Adjusted Water Use Values – Dictates how many
lifeguards are required at patrol location at any given time.
Rock/Cliff – A rock platform that may or may not have a high
steep face.
Rock Fishing – Attempting to catch fish from a coastal rock
platform or off a groyne.
Rocky Foreshore - The area of coastline with shoreline rocks,
including steep rocky cliffs that is exposed by low tides and
submerged by high tides.
RWC – Rescue water craft or JetSki.
Scuba Diving – Swimming underwater with the aid of scuba
equipment for recreational or commercial purposes.
Searches - Any organised search for a missing person or group
either at sea or on land. Searches include body recoveries.
Search and Rescue – The search for and provision of aid to
people who are in distress or imminent danger.
Season – For the context of this report, the 2018/19 season is
for the period of July 2018 to June 2019.
Shell Fishing – Collecting shellfish while onshore or wading/
swimming in water.
Snorkelling – Swimming with a snorkel and face mask.
Surf Beach – An area of land with sand, gravel or pebbles that
contains a foreshore and surf zone. Surf beaches include low
energy and exposed coasts.
Surf Lifeguard – An individual who undertakes patrols at a
beach. As a minimum requirement they are qualified in surf
rescue and basic lifeguard support.
Surf Lifeguard Service – A coordinated group that exists to
provide aquatic safety services to the public. This includes
Volunteer Surf Life Saving Clubs, Contract Surf Lifeguards,
RWCs, IRB’s, ATV’s and 4WD units.
Surf Life Saving Club – An affiliated not-for-profit organisation
that has volunteer members who provide patrols and coastal
safety services to the community.
Surf Life Saving New Zealand – The leading beach and
coastal safety, drowning prevention and rescue authority in
New Zealand. The purpose of the organisation is to reduce
injury and drowning on our beaches with a vision of zero
preventable drownings.
Surveillance Patrols – Surf Lifeguard services that monitor
beach and water users without designating a red and yellow
flagged area. This approach is effective for extending
patrolling hours or season length, where resources are
limited.
Swimming – Moving through water by moving the body or
parts of the body.
Wading – Walking through water while partially immersed.
Water Safety New Zealand – Water Safety New Zealand
works with water safety sector organisations, individuals and
the public to reduce the incidence of drowning and injury in
New Zealand. The purpose is to lead a step change in New
Zealand so people don’t drown with a vision that by 2025
more people in New Zealand respect the water and have the
skills, knowledge and awareness to enjoy it safely.
Watercraft – A piece of non-powered recreational equipment
used in water. Examples include surfboards, stand-up
paddleboards, body boards, windsurfers or kayaks.
SYMBOL KEY
Male and
Female
Female
and Male
Lifeguards
Fall
Boating
Surf Beach
Fatal
Drownings
Rescue
Rock Fishing
Snorkelling
Calm Water
Beach
Attempting
a Rescue
Rescue
Tube
Emergency
Callout Squad
Net/Shell
Fishing
Dive
Preventative
Action
IRB
Scuba Diving
0-1Km
Off Shore
Assist
Swimming /
Wading
Watercraft
Rocky
Foreshore
Harbour Estuary Marina River/
Harbour
Bar
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
NATIONAL BEACH & COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND KEY TERMS
76 77
REFERENCES
METHODOLOGY
The National Beach and Coastal Safety Report 2019
contains information on SLS capability and membership
capacity; rescues and emergency response; and fatal and
non-fatal drownings for the period of 1 July 2009 to 30 June
2019. This information is correct as of 2 September 2019.
All care has been taken to ensure the statistical information
included within this report is correct. However, pending the
outcome of ongoing coronial investigations, this data may
be amended. Data in figures may not always add up to
100% due to rounding.
The National Beach and Coastal Safety Report only
documents incidents that have occurred within the
coastal zone. The coastal zone is defined as “Tidal waters
(estuary, harbour, marina and river/harbour bar); ocean
up to 1km offshore; or inland up to five times the width
of the inlet/river”.
LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE
RESEARCH
The regional fatal drowning rates per 100,000 population
use regional population estimates obtained from Stats NZ.
However, these regional estimates do not include visitors
from elsewhere in New Zealand or visitors from overseas.
Further research is recommended to adjust these figures to
account for the seasonal influx of vistors to each respective
region.
Regional fatal drowning data is currently unavailable
for Nelson City Council. However, Nelson City Council’s
respective fatal drowning data is included within the Tasman
Region statistics.
Further research is required to enable Surf Life Saving New
Zealand and water safety stakeholders to gain a greater
understanding of how and why people are recreating on our
coastlines. Additional research is also required to understand
how residents and international tourists use beach and
coastal areas for recreation. Whilst applied psychological
research is also recommended to assess public behaviour
and perception of risk on our beaches. These findings will
be used to inform community engagement and education
strategies nationally.
CAPABILITY ANALYSIS
The Patrols and Memberships (PAM) database is a central
repository for all Surf Life Saving clubs in New Zealand. It
is used to log details of members (contact details, awards,
memberships), patrols and incidents. PAM holds this
information securely, and the data gives us an understanding
of trends across the whole organisation. The database
includes the Customer Relationship Management System
(CRM) which includes operational data such as rescues, first
aids, membership statistics and awards. Information was
extracted from the CRM to identify how many interventions
were performed by volunteers, lifeguards and lifesaving
services during 2018-19; and how many active Surf
Lifeguards and award holders there were during this period.
FATAL DROWNING DATA ANALYSIS
Fatal drownings statistics was recorded in DrownBase
and shared for this report by Water Safety New Zealand
(2019a). WSNZ gives no warranty as to the correctness of
the information or the data provided as it is supplied to
WSNZ by third parties, not under its control. While WSNZ
is satisfied as to its accuracy for the purposes for which it
is supplied to it, WSNZ shall not be liable for any loss or
damage arising directly or indirectly from the use of any
data supplied. All reported statistics are provisional.
The non-fatal drowning data used in this report is based
on hospital stays of at least 24 hours and has been provided
by WSNZ’s as recorded in DrownBase. The data is sorted
by the ICD-10-AM/ACHI/ACS international coding system.
SUGGESTED CITATION: Surf Life Saving New Zealand.
(2019). National Beach and Coastal Safety Report 2019.
Wellington: Surf Life Saving New Zealand.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Surf Life Saving New Zealand would like to thank the
following people and organisations for their assistance in
the production of the inaugural National Beach & Coastal
Safety Report. Felicity Fozard, at Water Safety New Zealand;
Shane Daw, Jaz Lawes and Nicole Cooney, at Surf Life
Saving Australia; Statistics New Zealand; Naveen Kumar at
the University of Canterbury; SLSNZ regions and Volunteer
Surf Life Saving clubs; SLSNZ would also like to thank our
sponsors for their continued support and regional councils
and local territorial authorities for their funding towards the
cost of providing the Contract Lifeguard Service.
The report was compiled by Dan Lee (Coastal Safety
Officer), Mick Kearney (National Community Education
Manager), Adam Wooler (Chief Operations Officer) and
Rajal Middleton (Head of Commercial and Marketing).
© 2019 SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
This publication is copyright. Except as expressly provided
in the Copyright Act 1968 and the Copyright Amendment Act
2006, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
any retrieval systems or transmitted by any means (including
electronic, mechanical, microcopying, photocopying,
recording or otherwise) without prior permission from Surf
Life Saving New Zealand. Every attempt has been made to
trace and acknowledge copyright, but in some cases, this
may not have been possible. Surf Life Saving New Zealand
apologises for any accidental infringements and would
welcome any information to redress the situation.
REFERENCES
Statistics New Zealand. (2018). Estimated Resident
Population for Regional Council Areas, at 30 June (1996+)
(Annual-Jun). Subnational population estimates tables.
Retrieved 10th October 2019 from: http://archive.stats.
govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/estimates_and_
projections/subnational-pop-estimates-tables.aspx
Water Safety New Zealand. (2015). New Zealand Water
Safety Sector Strategy 2020. https://cdnflightdec.userfirst.
co.nz/uploads/sites/watersafety/files/PDFs/Official_
Documents/Sector-Strategy-Published-Version-Aug-2015.
pdf
Water Safety New Zealand. (2019a). Coastal drowning
deaths 2009-2018 [Figures / Table / Graph]. Retrieved from
DrownBase database.
Water Safety New Zealand. (2019b). The drowning report
2018. https://drowningreport.watersafety.org.nz/
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL
Cover, pages 8-9, and 75, by Cody Keepa - Keepa Digital.
Pages 20-21, 28-29, 36-37, by Tim Marshal on Unsplash.
Pages 32-33, by Douglas Bagg on Unsplash.
Pages 68-69, by Grace Caadiang on Unslpash.
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
78
NATIONAL BEACH AND COASTAL SAFETY REPORT
SURF LIFE SAVING NEW ZEALAND
79
REFERENCES
CONTACT INFORMATION
Surf Life Saving New Zealand
Phone: +64 4 560 0383
E-Mail: communications@surflifesaving.org.nz