atw - International Journal for Nuclear Power | 05.2021

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atw Vol. 66 (2021) | Issue 5 ı September 62 NEWS Top Nuclear making Europe fit for 55 (nei) FORATOM welcomes the Commission’s Fit for 55 package and fully supports all proposals which aim to reduce CO 2 emissions in line with the Climate Law and Paris Agreement. Indeed, the bar has been set very high as it will apply to a broad range of sectors including industry, buildings and transport. “Achieving this target will not be easy – many aspects need to be taken into consideration to ensure that, in the race to decarbonisation, other problems do not arise”, states Yves Desbazeille, FORATOM Director General. For example: p How will be this transition financed? p Will we have enough low-carbon energy to meet our needs? p How can we ensure that industries are able to decarbonise their manufacturing processes whilst remaining competitive? p And how can we mitigate potential social impacts (eg job losses, energy poverty)? “Nuclear has a key role to play in this transition, together with other low- carbon technologies” adds Mr Desbazeille. “It is a low-carbon source of energy, thus helping European achieve its decarbonisation targets. It is also affordable and available 24/7, two key attributes when it comes to finding competitive solutions for energy-intensive industries in Europe”. The nuclear sector remains committed to working with the EU and supporting technology neutral policies which will help us achieve these ambitious goals. Furthermore, and as highlighted in the latest IEA and OECD NEA report entitled ‘Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020’, the long-term operation of nuclear power plants remains the cheapest source of electricity across the board. Therefore, prolonging the existing fleet would be the best way of achieving the 2030 targets in an affordable manner. | www.foratom.org (211711803) NEI: Advanced Nuclear will Balance Energy Supply and Demand (nei) As we prepare for a decarbonized grid with more wind and solar, it’s critical to prepare a way to balance energy supply, which varies over the course of the day, with demand. Demand varies too, but on a different schedule. Balancing supply with demand has always been essential to ensuring a reliable grid. Energy use varies from minute to minute, driven by people’s use of air conditioning, heating, lighting and other devices. Today, the energy system meets those changes by shifting how much fossil fuel it is burning. In solar intensive locations like California, copious energy from the sun at midday leads utilities to shut Operating Results May 2021 Plant name Country Nominal capacity Type gross [MW] net [MW] Operating time generator [h] Energy generated, gross [MWh] Month Year Since commissioning Time availability [%] Energy availability [%] *) Energy utilisation [%] *) Month Year Month Year Month Year OL1 Olkiluoto 1) BWR FI 910 880 484 432 112 2 945 004 279 979 721 65.04 89.37 62.85 87.77 63.13 88.35 OL2 Olkiluoto 1,4) BWR FI 910 880 378 347 351 3 015 004 269 917 726 50.81 89.90 50.58 89.81 50.75 90.45 KCB Borssele 1,4) PWR NL 512 484 499 223 019 1 671 972 173 740 769 58.20 91.41 58.22 91.42 58.23 90.16 KKB 1 Beznau 1,7) PWR CH 380 365 433 159 742 1 260 683 134 472 069 58.20 91.42 56.33 90.83 55.97 91.48 KKB 2 Beznau 6,7) PWR CH 380 365 744 282 009 1 377 536 141 753 837 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.78 100.08 KKG Gösgen 1,2,7) PWR CH 1060 1010 509 534 805 3 552 518 334 439 107 68.35 92.52 67.92 91.95 67.81 92.50 CNT-I Trillo 3) PWR ES 1066 1003 360 380 667 3 129 396 267 153 244 48.44 82.34 48.36 82.23 47.69 80.56 Dukovany B1 PWR CZ 500 473 744 366 520 1 289 586 120 934 025 100.00 72.43 99.45 71.38 98.53 71.19 Dukovany B2 PWR CZ 500 473 744 364 274 1 795 247 116 407 162 100.00 100.00 99.61 99.82 97.92 99.10 Dukovany B3 PWR CZ 500 473 660 314 737 1 731 972 115 092 529 88.71 97.68 87.87 97.37 84.61 95.61 Dukovany B4 PWR CZ 500 473 744 364 171 1 136 707 115 702 608 100.00 63.92 99.51 63.12 97.90 62.75 Temelin B1 PWR CZ 1080 1030 230 208 026 2 421 505 131 992 795 30.91 62.57 25.68 61.46 25.84 61.77 Temelin B2 PWR CZ 1080 1030 744 810 191 3 977 937 129 566 841 100.00 100.00 99.93 99.98 100.27 101.10 Doel 1 PWR BE 454 433 499 227 917 1 597 240 141 611 081 67.08 93.24 66.70 93.08 65.79 94.65 Doel 2 2) PWR BE 454 433 744 349 212 1 320 047 139 930 112 100.00 78.03 99.98 77.32 100.29 77.90 Doel 3 PWR BE 1056 1006 744 796 408 3 819 505 275 031 816 100.00 99.22 100.00 98.92 100.74 99.25 Doel 4 PWR BE 1084 1033 744 815 217 3 962 050 281 322 040 100.00 100.00 99.97 99.99 99.60 99.35 Tihange 1 PWR BE 1009 962 744 737 163 3 660 915 311 527 890 100.00 100.00 98.54 99.53 98.32 100.38 Tihange 2 PWR BE 1055 1008 395 310 332 2 621 020 268 324 837 53.02 74.46 39.44 68.46 39.44 69.04 Tihange 3 PWR BE 1089 1038 744 797 031 3 908 177 290 561 835 100.00 100.00 99.97 99.98 98.88 99.60 Plant name Type Nominal capacity gross [MW] net [MW] Operating time generator [h] Energy generated, gross [MWh] Time availability [%] Energy availability Energy utilisation [%] *) [%] *) Month Year Since Month Year Month Year Month Year commissioning GKN-II Neckarwestheim 4) DWR 1480 1410 744 1 013 850 5 027 350 356 378 894 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.98 97.51 99.39 KBR Brokdorf DWR 1406 1335 744 1 019 287 4 967 761 376 231 090 100.00 100.00 99.95 99.96 92.37 92.45 KKE Emsland 1,2) DWR 1430 1360 348 479 085 4 474 670 373 485 371 46.83 88.98 46.20 88.79 45.80 87.90 KKI-2 Isar DWR 1344 1288 744 1 062 814 5 302 849 382 731 892 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 95.82 98.29 KRB C Gundremmingen SWR 1485 1410 744 999 351 4 891 476 355 369 242 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.90 99.27 99.77 KWG Grohnde DWR 1400 1310 744 1 003 789 4 078 261 402 838 610 100.00 82.37 100.00 81.99 93.79 78.32 News
atw Vol. 66 (2021) | Issue 5 ı September down their fossil-fired generation. As the sun goes down, people come home from work and turn on air conditioning and TVs and start using appliances like microwaves for dinner. As demand increases, solar disappears. Plain and simple, demand threatens to rise faster than the fossilfueled system can accommodate. The solution is to store energy for when it’s needed most, and that’s where advanced nuclear technologies have a strong role to play. These nuclear innovations must be developed in parallel with increased deployment of wind and solar, building a foundation of always-on, carbon-free energy that can also help maintain the instantaneous balance between supply and demand. Four of the newest advanced nuclear designs are being prepared to store energy, using innovative ways to run a nuclear reactor continuously while varying the electricity output. When the reactor’s production of heat exceeds the demand for electricity, the excess energy is stored as heat. When demand for electricity is higher than what the reactor is producing, the extra heat is drawn from the storage tank and turned into electricity. An example of this design is the Natrium project, a partnership between Bill Gates’s TerraPower and GEHitachi that is backed by the United States Department of Energy. Natrium is choosing among four sites of soon-to-be-retired coal plants in Wyoming for a plant that can vary its output from 100 megawatts to 500 megawatts. TerraPower also has a design for a molten chloride reactor that would store energy as heat. Moltex Energy and Terrestrial Energy also have reactors in design that would use a giant tank filled with salt or rocks as a bank for depositing or withdrawing heat. The concept keeps the reactor running at full output almost all the time, while creating heat storage and saving the energy for when it’s most valuable and needed. While other options exist to store energy, advanced nuclear technologies are critical to this effort as they offer both an efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage option. When compared to batteries for example, heat storage is cheaper and doesn’t require scarce minerals. Policymakers and developers are smartly investing in new innovative nuclear designs. Their investments have the potential to offer tremendous returns with new designs churning out the reliable, carbon-free energy necessary to reach our climate goals, while also helping match production with demand by efficiently storing energy as heat. Advanced reactors will be essential in multiple ways to our future energy grid, offering unique capabilities to complement wind and solar technologies and demonstrating vital inno vation to match our energy needs. | www.nei.org (211711749) *) Net-based values (Czech and Swiss nuclear power plants gross-based) 1) Refueling 2) Inspection 3) Repair 4) Stretch-out-operation 5) Stretch-in-operation 6) Hereof traction supply 7) Incl. steam supply BWR: Boiling Water Reactor PWR: Pressurised Water Reactor Source: VGB 63 NEWS Operating Results June 2021 Plant name Country Nominal capacity Type gross [MW] net [MW] Operating time generator [h] Energy generated, gross [MWh] Month Year Since commissioning Time availability [%] Energy availability [%] *) Energy utilisation [%] *) Month Year Month Year Month Year OL1 Olkiluoto BWR FI 910 880 720 654 062 3 599 066 280 633 783 100.00 91.13 99.48 89.71 98.74 90.08 OL2 Olkiluoto 1) BWR FI 910 880 267 225 370 3 240 374 270 143 096 37.13 81.15 34.59 80.65 34.02 81.10 KCB Borssele 1) PWR NL 512 484 0 0 1 671 972 173 740 769 0 76.26 -900 -73 0 75.21 KKB 1 Beznau 6,7) PWR CH 380 365 720 270 721 1 531 404 134 742 790 100.00 92.84 100.00 92.35 98.92 92.72 KKB 2 Beznau 7) PWR CH 380 365 720 268 898 1 646 434 142 022 735 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 98.26 99.78 KKG Gösgen 1,2,7) PWR CH 1060 1010 143 120 843 3 673 361 334 559 950 100.00 93.76 16.15 79.38 15.83 79.79 CNT-I Trillo 1,2) PWR ES 1066 1003 174 154 854 3 284 250 267 308 098 24.21 72.70 19.76 71.87 19.79 70.48 Dukovany B1 PWR CZ 500 473 720 349 270 1 638 855 121 283 294 100.00 77.00 100.00 76.12 97.02 75.47 Dukovany B2 PWR CZ 500 473 720 345 231 2 140 479 116 752 393 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.85 95.90 98.57 Dukovany B3 PWR CZ 500 473 0 0 1 731 972 115 092 529 0 81.49 0 81.23 0 79.76 Dukovany B4 PWR CZ 500 473 720 353 561 1 490 268 116 056 169 100.00 69.91 99.92 69.22 98.21 68.63 Temelin B1 PWR CZ 1080 1030 720 775 720 3 197 225 132 768 515 100.00 68.78 99.91 67.83 99.57 68.04 Temelin B2 PWR CZ 1080 1030 552 581 844 4 559 781 130 148 685 76.67 96.13 74.39 95.74 74.41 96.68 Doel 1 2) PWR BE 454 433 250 102 737 1 699 977 141 713 819 34.67 83.53 30.87 82.77 30.46 84.01 Doel 2 PWR BE 454 433 720 331 796 1 651 843 140 261 908 100.00 81.67 99.96 81.07 98.45 81.31 Doel 3 PWR BE 1056 1006 720 753 303 4 572 808 275 785 119 100.00 99.35 99.01 98.93 98.53 99.13 Doel 4 PWR BE 1084 1033 720 778 772 4 740 822 282 100 811 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 98.29 99.18 Tihange 1 PWR BE 1009 962 720 704 797 4 365 712 312 232 687 100.00 100.00 99.91 99.59 97.08 99.84 Tihange 2 PWR BE 1055 1008 720 735 259 3 356 279 269 060 096 100.00 78.69 99.15 73.55 97.64 73.78 Tihange 3 PWR BE 1089 1038 720 761 960 4 670 136 291 323 795 100.00 100.00 99.96 99.98 97.61 99.27 Plant name Type Nominal capacity gross [MW] net [MW] Operating time generator [h] Energy generated, gross [MWh] Time availability [%] Energy availability Energy utilisation [%] *) [%] *) Month Year Since Month Year Month Year Month Year commissioning GKN-II Neckarwestheim 1,2,4) DWR 1480 1410 256 309 100 5 336 450 356 687 994 35.56 89.32 35.56 89.30 30.48 87.97 KBR Brokdorf DWR 1406 1335 720 1 023 756 5 991 517 377 254 846 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.97 95.87 93.02 KKE Emsland DWR 1430 1360 720 992 975 5 467 645 374 478 346 100.00 90.81 100.00 90.65 98.07 89.59 KKI-2 Isar DWR 1344 1288 720 995 880 6 298 729 383 727 772 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.99 92.60 97.34 KRB C Gundremmingen SWR 1485 1410 720 932 684 5 824 160 356 301 926 100.00 100.00 98.02 99.59 95.64 99.08 KWG Grohnde DWR 1400 1310 720 967 132 5 045 393 403 805 742 100.00 85.29 99.63 84.91 93.30 80.80 News
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