Fundamentals of Mathematics, 2008a

558 CHAPTER 9. MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY
Multiplying a Denominate Number by a Whole Number (Section 9.4)
To multiply a denominate number by a whole number, multiply the number part of each unit by the whole
number and ax the unit to the product.
Dividing a Denominate Number by a Whole Number (Section 9.4)
To divide a denominate number by a whole number, divide the number part of each unit by the whole
number beginning with the largest unit. Ax the unit to this quotient. Carry the remainder to the next
unit.
Polygon (Section 9.5)
A polygon is a closed plane (at) gure whose sides are line segments (portions of straight lines).
Perimeter (Section 9.5)
The perimeter of a polygon is the distance around the polygon.
Circumference, Diameter, Radius (Section 9.5)
The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle. The diameter of a circle is any line segment
that passes through the center of the circle and has its endpoints on the circle. The radius of a circle is one
half the diameter of the circle.
The number π (Section 9.5)
The symbol π, read "pi," represents the nonterminating, nonrepeating decimal number 3.14159... . For
computational purposes, π is often approximated by the number 3.14.
Formula (Section 9.5)
A formula is a rule for performing a task. In mathematics, a formula is a rule that directs us in computations.
Circumference Formulas (Section 9.5)
C = π · d C ≈ (3.14) d
C = 2 · π · r C ≈ 2 (3.14) r
Area (Section 9.6)
The area of a surface is the amount of square length units contained in the surface.
Volume (Section 9.6)
The volume of an object is a measure of the amount of cubic length units contained in the object.
Area Formulas (Section 9.6)
Triangle: A = 1 2 · b · h
Rectangle: A = l · w
Parallelogram: A = b · h
Trapezoid: A = 1 2 · (b 1 + b 2 ) · h
Circle: A = π · r 2
Volume Formulas (Section 9.6)
Rectangle solid: V = l · w · h
Sphere: V = 4 3 · π · r3
Cylinder: V = π · r 2 · h
Cone: V = 1 3 · π · r2 · h
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