Novo Brdo Fortifications

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16Geographic Positionand the Topography of Novo Brdo8 Zdravkovi}, Jovanovi} 1954–1955, 256.9 Cviji} 1911, 1124–1125.NOVO BRDO IS LOCATED IN THE MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF SOUTH SERBIA,between the heights of Kopaonik and Skopska Crna Gora mountains, east of KosovoPolje, in a sparsely populated area and far from the then main roads. The medievaltown lay on top of Palaeozoic limestone and was partially built from that same limestonequarried in the vicinity. As a building material, limestone is good and has keptto the present days, unlike the built-in andesite which is crumbly. Dark red brecciawas used for the corner stones of walls and gates. The andesite and breccia werequarried in Kiseli potok below the town, while tufa was brought from Prilepni~kaReka. 8The basic economic resource, which in fact led to the formation of the town,constituted of rich deposits of lead and particularly silver ores. The traces of themining of these ores appear to go back to the period of late Antiquity. In the middleof this old mining region, there is Velika Planina, and farther towards the west thehigh plateau of Novo Brdo itself. This is, generally speaking, an area at the altitudeof 1000–1300 m that extends to Janjevo in the south and in the west to the veryedge of the field of Kosovo above Gra~anica. In the north, this spacious surface iscut through by the course of the Kriva Reka, a left tributary of the Bini~ka Morava.According to the observations of J. Cviji}, who spent some time here at the beginningof the 20 th century, “Velika Planina descends towards the surfaces from which smallhillocks rise among which the highest and the sharpest is Novo Brdo itself, consistingof layers of grey sturdy limestone, with the north-south direction. Under the rangetowards the south, there is large lowland of Novo Brdo: slopes between which thereare deep valleys, with no proper forest, only shrubs, predominantly oak, or barrenland.” 9 In his detailed analysis of the ore-bearing area, he recorded: The ores appearin a series of rocks especially in the salbands between the serpentine and the limestoneand in the sturdy grey limestone that is characterised by numerous hollows; inthese there are extracted calcite cores and jacks. There are some meagre ore veinsalso in mica-bearing sandstones and shale claystones with serpentine. The ore veins
17Geografski polo\aji topografija Novog BrdaNOVO BRDO SE NALAZI U PLANINSKOM PREDELU JU@NE SRBIJE, IZME\Upobr|a Kopaonika i Skopske Crne Gore, isto~no od Kosova poqa, u slabo naseqenojoblasti i daleko od onovremenih glavnih puteva. Sredwovekovni grad leàoje na paleozojskom kre~waku, a delom je i izgra|en od istog kre~waka va|enogu blizini. Kao gra|evinski materijal, kre~wak je dobar i sa~uvao se do danas,nasuprot ugra|enom andezitu, koji je tro{an. Za ivi~wake zidova i kapija upotrebqenaje mrkocrvena bre~a. Andezit i bre~a su va|eni u Kiselom potoku ispodgrada, a bigar (siga) u Prilepni~koj reci. 8Osnovni ekonomski resurs, koji je i uslovio nastanak sredwovekovnog grada,predstavqale su bogate naslage olovne i posebno srebrne rude, ~iji tragovieksploatacije seù, izgleda, do razdobqa kasne antike. U sredi{tu ove stare rudarskeoblasti nalazi se Velika planina, a daqe prema zapadu visoka zaravansamog Novog Brda. U pitawu je uop{teno posmatrano povr{ na nadmorskoj visini1000–1300 m, koja se pruà na jugu do Jaweva, a na zapadu do ivice Kosovapoqa iznad Gra~anice. Na severu ovu prostranu povr{ preseca tok Krive reke,leve pritoke Bini~ke Morave. Prema zapaàwima J. Cviji}a, koji je ovde boraviopo~etkom 20. veka, „Velika Planina se spu{ta na povr{i sa kojih se izdiùmale glavice me|u kojima je najvi{a i najo{trija samo Novo Brdo, sastavqenaod slojeva sivog jedrog kre~waka, pravca Sever–Jug. Ispod venca je prema juguvelika podgorina Novog Brda: kose izme|u kojih su duboke doline, nema pravegore, ve} samo `buwe, poglavito hrastovo, ili golet.“ 9 U svojoj detaqnoj analizirudonosnog podru~ja on je zabeleìo: „Rude se javqaju u fri{olikoj serijistena pogotovu na salbandama izme|u serpentiona i kre~waka i u jedrom sivomkre~waku, koji se odlikuje mnogobrojnim {upqinama; U ovima su izlu~ene korei gnezda od kalcita. Neznatnih rudnih ìca ima i u liskunovitim pe{~arimai {kriqastim glincima sa serpentinom. Rudne ìce su paralelne sa 8 Zdravkovi}, Jovanovi} 1954–1955, 256.slojevima, i zato svi rudarski kopovi imaju pravac severozapad – jugoistok i9 Cviji} 1911, 1124–1125.sever-severozapad – jug-jugoistok.“ 10 10 Isto.
Page 5 and 6: REPUBLI^KI ZAVOD ZA ZA[TITU SPOMENI
Page 7 and 8: Marko POPOVI]Gordana SIMI]Fortifica
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Page 11 and 12: Sadr\aj11 |17 |25 |45 |47 |55 |65 |
Page 13 and 14: 11Uvodna razmatrayaNASTANAK I RAZVO
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Page 17 and 18: UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
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Page 29 and 30: 25Nastanak i razvoj Novog Brdau 14.
Page 49 and 50: 45Dosada[ya istra\ivayanovobrdskih
Page 69 and 70: 65Stratigrafija kulturnih slojevai
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UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
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Sl. 25. Nalazi kerami~kih posuda: 1
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89Zamak grada Novog Brda(Goryi grad
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Sl. 30. Novo Brdo - osnova ZamkaFig
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173Doyi grad - utvr]eni deogradskog
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215Podgra]eO NEKADA[WEM PROSTRANOM
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Sl. 100. Novo Brdo, pretpostavqeni
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227Zakqu;na razmatrayaISTRA@IVAWA O
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Prilozi/Appendices
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279Gordana Simi}Slobodan Radovanovi
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305Vesna Biki}Keramika Novog Brda -
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