Novo Brdo Fortifications

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1810 Ibid.11 [krivani} 1974, 28.12 Ibid., 40–42.13 Ibid., 95.14 In the earlier documentation, this mainsection of Novo Brdo fortification wasdenominated using the term Upper Town,which may be considered a technical name.After the surveying conducted in2015–2016, when this part of thefortification was completely explored,it was noticed that in functional termsthis was a castle as the centre of the city’sfortifications and a fortified residentialcomplex and thus in our furtherconsiderations this terms is going to beused exclusively.15 ]irkovi}, Koji}-Kova~evi}, ]uk 2002,41–42; Savi} 1954–1955, 283–287.FORTIFICATIONS OF THE MEDIEVAL TOWN OF NOVO BRDOare parallel to the layers and for this reason all mining pits follow the directionnorthwest/southeast and north-northwest/south-southeast. 10The mining of the ores and the urbanisation of the area were accompanied bythe development of a new and dispersed road network, as was the case with othermining areas of the medieval Serbian lands. Judging by all, the main roads led towardsthe west. From Novo Brdo, via Gra~anica, the road led to Kosovo Polje. From there,it continued towards the north, via Zve~an and Banjska, in the direction of Bosnia.Another road led from Kosovo via Polimlje (the Lim river valley) to Prijepolje, thatis, to Mile{eva (Monastery), from where it went on towards Dubrovnik (Ragusa). Itwas through Polimlje that two main roads led towards the coastal regions (Primorje– the Littoral), one via Nik{i} and Jezero, and the other one via Gora`de and Fo~a. 11Taking into account the significance of the connections between Novo Brdo and theLittoral, these roads certainly had a very high importance. According to the availabledata, it may be calculated that in summer months it was possible to get fromNovo Brdo to the City of Saint Blaise, the main destination on the Adriatic coast, inaround seven days, while in winter, on account of the mountainous relief and snowedinpasses, it would take some 12 to 15 days to cover this same distance. 12 There wasalso a third road which led from Gra~anica via Prizren to Skadar (Shkodër). East ofNovo Brdo, there used to be Vranjski put (Vranje road), mentioned in the rulers’charters, that led from Kosovo via Novo Brdo and Konculski gorge towards Vranje.The charter of Prince Lazar for the monastery of Ravanica also mentions Saski put(Saxon road), which is presumed to have led along the valley of the Bini~ka Moravawhere it joined Vranjski put and in the west Velika cesta (Big road) which went fromKosovo farther towards Skopje. 13 In addition to these roads of broader significance,the area around Novo Brdo was also covered in roads of local character that linkedthe town with the mines and the areas where the ore was processed.The urban zone of the complex of Novo Brdo incorporated a fortification thathad two specifically defended sections. On the top of a flat height there used to bea Castle or a citadel as the stronghold of the last line of defence, 14 while on its westside there was the so-called Lower Town that included a more significant section ofthe fortified urban settlement. The wide area on the east side included Podgra|e(Suburb), which was also incorporated into the town’s broader defence system. Itmay be presumed that it was surrounded by a feebler solidly built rampart andprobably also with a land dyke with palisades, which will be dealt with later. In addition,Novo Brdo’s urban complex also includes remains of older mines in the directproximity of the town, as well as a number of smaller residential insulae scatteredacross the surroundings. Numerous remains of older mining works may be foundthroughout the area east of the town. Only on the southwest slopes of Velika planinaand in the areas at its foot, over 630 mining pits of different sizes have been recorded.In the closer or more distant surroundings of the town there are many gravel pits,while the main ones were in Trni~evac, Krnjevska reka and under Le{tar. Numeroustoponyms have survived to the present days testifying to the mining works. 15 Theyare particularly frequent along the Kriva Reka where smelting processes used totake place.Along the mining pits and the installations for the processing of ore, there alsoused to be smaller separated residential insulae that belonged to the broader complexof Novo Brdo, but they were not linked to the urban structure of the Suburb.
UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG BRDA 19Sl. 2. Novo Brdo, situacioni plan lokaliteta 1952 (prema \. Bo{kovi}u)Fig. 2. Novo Brdo, location’s layout plan, 1952 (according to \. Bo{kovi})
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Page 7 and 8: Marko POPOVI]Gordana SIMI]Fortifica
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Page 11 and 12: Sadr\aj11 |17 |25 |45 |47 |55 |65 |
Page 13 and 14: 11Uvodna razmatrayaNASTANAK I RAZVO
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Page 17 and 18: UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
Page 21: 17Geografski polo\aji topografija N
Page 29 and 30: 25Nastanak i razvoj Novog Brdau 14.
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UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
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89Zamak grada Novog Brda(Goryi grad
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Sl. 30. Novo Brdo - osnova ZamkaFig
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173Doyi grad - utvr]eni deogradskog
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215Podgra]eO NEKADA[WEM PROSTRANOM
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Sl. 100. Novo Brdo, pretpostavqeni
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227Zakqu;na razmatrayaISTRA@IVAWA O
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Prilozi/Appendices
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279Gordana Simi}Slobodan Radovanovi
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305Vesna Biki}Keramika Novog Brda -
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Novo Brdo Fortifications

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