Novo Brdo Fortifications

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20FORTIFICATIONS OF THE MEDIEVAL TOWN OF NOVO BRDOSl. 3. Novo Brdo, pogled sa zapada(foto \. Bo{kovi}, 1933)Fig. 3. Novo Brdo, view from the west(photo by \. Bo{kovi}, 1933)16 Dini} 1962, 29–30.17 Popovi} 2019, 245–256;Popovi} 2019a, in print.18 Dini} 1962, 29.19 Ibid., 34–35.For most of them, their former names are not known taking into consideration thatthey are not mentioned in the preserved documents from Dubrovnik. One suchinsula, which apparently was the closest to the Suburb, is mentioned under the nameof Provalija, and a little farther there was Plavica, now one of the mahallas of thenearby village of Bostane. 16 It is certain that the most important section outside theSuburb, which used to lie at around one kilometre southeast from the fortified partof the town, was Donji Trg (Lower Market Square) that is mentioned several timesin the preserved archive materials. The main Catholic church of Novo Brdo – Sa{kacrkva (Saxon Church), 17 which is mentioned in the documents from Dubrovnik asSanta Maria in Nouamonte de Dogni Targ, 18 used to be located there.The broader complex of Novo Brdo also included protruded fortifications thefunction of which, judging by all, was to control the main accesses to the town andthey constituted a part of the exterior defence of the overall mining area. The historicdocuments have preserved mentions of only two fortifications east of Novo Brdo,while the position of some others may only be presumed, taking into conside-rationthat the field surveys have not been carried out. Remains of the fortification of Prilepac,the birth place of Prince Lazar, are located in the valley of the Prilepni~ka Reka,west of village Boòvac, while the exact position of the Prizrenac fortress has still notbeen reliably established. At the beginning of the 15 th century, next to this fortification,there was a market square where residents of Dubrovnik used to stay for sometime while doing business. Judging by the toponyms and traces of ruins, it seemsthat remains of fortifications used to exist in some other sites around Novo Brdo:Gradi{te near Marevac, then near Koprivnica and on hill Kaljaja near Ajkobila. 19According to our findings so far, the topographic picture of Novo Brdo complexobserved in its entirety still remains very fragmented. This refers particularlyto the traces of mining operations that could provide a significantly more completepicture of the life of this medieval town. As opposed to this, which constituted theeconomic basis of the town, so far, we are most familiar with the basic fortificationensembles, which are the main topic of our considerations on this occasion.
UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG BRDA 21Sl. 4. Novo Brdo, pogled sa istoka(foto \. Bo{kovi}, 1933)Fig. 4. Novo Brdo, view from the east(photo by \. Bo{kovi}, 1933)Eksploataciju ruda i urbanizaciju podru~ja pratio je razvoj nove razgranateputne mreè, kao {to je to bio slu~aj i u drugim rudarskim oblastimasredwovekovnih srpskih zemaqa. Prema zapadu su, po svemu sude}i, vodiliglavni putni pravci. Od Novog Brda preko Gra~anice put je vodio na Kosovopoqe. Odatle je prema severu, preko Zve~ana i Bawske nastavqao putni pravacprema Bosni. Drugi put vodio je od Kosova preko Polimqa do Prijepoqa, odnosnoMile{eve, odakle se daqe putovalo ka Dubrovniku. Kroz Polomqe sui{la dva glavna puta prema Primorju, i to jedan preko Nik{i}a i Jezera, adrugi preko Gora`da i Fo~e. 11 Imaju}i u vidu zna~aj veza Novog Brda sa Primorjem,ovi putni pravci su sigurno imali poseban zna~aj. Prema raspoloìvimpodacima moè se izra~unati da se od Novog Brda do Grada Svetog Vlaha,glavne destinacije na Jadranskom primorju, moglo sti}i u letwim mesecimaza oko sedam dana, dok se zimi zbog planinskog reqefa i zavejanih prevoja ta relacijaprelazila za dvanaest do petnaest dana. 12 Postojao je i tre}i put, koji jeod Gra~anice vodio preko Prizrena prema Skadru. Isto~no od Novog Brda nalaziose Vrawski put, posvedo~en u vladarskim poveqama, koji je od Kosova prekoNovog Brda i Kon~ulskog tesnaca i{ao ka Vrawu. U poveqi kneza Lazara za manastirRavanicu pomiwe se i Saski put, za koji se pretpostavqa da je i{ao dolinomBini~ke Morave, gde se spajao sa Vrawskim putem, a na zapadu sa Velikomcestom, koja je od Kosova i{la daqa prema Skopqu. 13 Osim ovih puteva {iregzna~aja, oblast Novog Brda bila je premreèna i putevima lokalnog karaktera,koji su povezivali grad sa rudnicima i prostorima gde je ruda prera|ivana.Urbana zona kompleksa Novog Brda obuhvatala je utvr|ewe, koje je imalo dvaposebno brawena dela. Na vrhu zaravwenog visa nalazio se Zamak ili citadelakao upori{te posledwe odbrane, 14 a sa wegove zapadne strane tzv. Dowi grad,sa zna~ajnijim delom utvr|enog gradskog naseqa. [iroki prostor sa isto~nestrane obuhvatao je Podgra|e, koje je tako|e bilo ukqu~eno u {iri sistem odbranegrada. Moè se pretpostaviti da je bilo opasano slabijim zidanim bedemom,a verovatno i zemqanim nasipom sa palisadama, o ~emu }e daqe biti11 [krivani} 1974, 28.12 Isto, 40–42.13 Isto, 95.14 U ranijoj dokumentaciji ovaj glavnideo novobrdskih utvr|ewa ozna~avan jeterminom Gorwi grad, {to bi se moglosmatrati tehni~kim nazivom.Posle istraìvawa 2015–2016. godine,kada je ovaj deo utvr|ewa kompletnoistraèn, uo~eno je da je to ufunkcionalnom smislu bio Zamak,kao sredi{te gradskih fortifikacijai utvr|eni rezidencijalni kompleks,te }e u na{im daqim izlagawima bitikori{}en iskqu~ivo ovaj termin.
Page 5 and 6: REPUBLI^KI ZAVOD ZA ZA[TITU SPOMENI
Page 7 and 8: Marko POPOVI]Gordana SIMI]Fortifica
Page 9 and 10: Marko POPOVI]Gordana SIMI]Fortifica
Page 11 and 12: Sadr\aj11 |17 |25 |45 |47 |55 |65 |
Page 13 and 14: 11Uvodna razmatrayaNASTANAK I RAZVO
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Page 17 and 18: UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
Page 21 and 22: 17Geografski polo\aji topografija N
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Page 29 and 30: 25Nastanak i razvoj Novog Brdau 14.
Page 49 and 50: 45Dosada[ya istra\ivayanovobrdskih
Page 69 and 70: 65Stratigrafija kulturnih slojevai
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UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
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Sl. 25. Nalazi kerami~kih posuda: 1
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89Zamak grada Novog Brda(Goryi grad
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Sl. 30. Novo Brdo - osnova ZamkaFig
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173Doyi grad - utvr]eni deogradskog
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215Podgra]eO NEKADA[WEM PROSTRANOM
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Sl. 100. Novo Brdo, pretpostavqeni
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227Zakqu;na razmatrayaISTRA@IVAWA O
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Prilozi/Appendices
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279Gordana Simi}Slobodan Radovanovi
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305Vesna Biki}Keramika Novog Brda -
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Novo Brdo Fortifications

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