Novo Brdo Fortifications

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44Surveys of the Fortificationsof Novo Brdo Conducted to Date75 Jovanovi} i dr. 2004, 14.76 Cviji} 1911, 1126.77 Ibid.78 Ibid., 126–127.79 Ibid.THE DESERTED REMAINS OF THE TOWN OF NOVO BRDO, THE FORMER MOSTimportant urban settlement of medieval Serbia, first caught the attention of expertsalready at the end of the 19 th century. The first data on this important monumentcomplex, with a description of visible ruins, were recorded in 1890 by an Austrian,Raphael Hoffmann, who was looking for old ore deposits. 75 Several years later, the areaaround Novo Brdo was also visited by Jovan Cviji}, as a part of his geographic and geologicalexplorations. On that occasion, Cviji} recorded his observations concerningboth the archaeological traces and the historic toponymy. Along with the traces ofmining operations in the area of Novo Brdo, he also described the pronounced ruinsof the fortress. Speaking of the visible remains of the ramparts and the towers, henoticed that there used to be two fortified ensembles – “the walls of the town and theinterior fortress.” 76 Together with a brief description, he also wrote down the followingpiece of data: “there is an old well in the middle of the interior town; farther on,one can see the foundations of houses and of one small church that is located rightnext to the town’s wall.” 77 The remains of buildings in the suburb made a particularimpression on Cviji}: “From all the sides of the town, except from the southwest, it ispossible to see numerous foundations of houses, one foundation next to another,apparently with no regular streets. The main section of the settlement was around theelevation, which is now called Bair, and was directly under the town on the northeastside.” 78 For our considerations, Cviji}’s observations on numerous traces of old roadsare particularly valuable, since these have been lost in the relief of Novo Brdo until thepresent times. He noticed that the easiest to recognise are “the roads to Vranje and Pri-{tina, then others that connected the mines and led to Kriva Reka, most certainly tothe smelters. Around meadows and in forests it is possible to see cuts in the sides, offlattened length, along which these old roads used to lead… All the traces created animpression as if the old roads had been accommodated just for the caravan traffic.” 79In the period between the two world wars, in 1933, small-scale field explorationsof the surface remains in Novo Brdo were conducted by architect \ur|e Bo{kovi}.
45Dosada[ya istra\ivayanovobrdskih utvr]eyaZAPUSTELE RU[EVINE NOVOG BRDA, NEKADA[WEG NAJZNAÂJNIJEGgrada sredwovekovne Srbije, prvi put su privukle pa`wu nau~ne javnosti jo{krajem 19. veka. Prve podatke o ovom velikom spomeni~kom kompleksu sa opisomvidqivih ru{evina zabeleìo je 1890. godine Austrijanac Rafael Hofman,koji je tragao za starim rudi{tima. 75 Nekoliko godina kasnije na podru~ju NovogBrda boravio je i Jovan Cviji} u okviru svojih geografsko-geolo{kih istra-ìvawa. Tom prilikom Cviji} je zabeleìo zapaàwa i o arheolo{kim tragovima,kao i istorijskoj toponimiji. Uz tragove rudarskih radova na podru~juNovog Brda, opisao je i upe~atqive ru{evine utvr|ewa. Govore}i o vidqivimostacima bedema i kula, uo~io je da su postojale dve fortificirane celine –„zidovi grada i unutra{weg utvr|ewa“. 76 Uz kra}i opis zabeleìo je i podatakda: „usred unutra{weg grada ima stari bunar; daqe se vide temeqi od ku}a i odjedne crkvice koja je uz sami gradski zid.“ 77 Dubok utisak na wega su ostavilii tragovi Podgra|a: „Sa svih strana grada, osim jugozapadne vide se bezbrojnitemeqi ku}a, temeq do temeqa, na stotine, izgleda bez pravilnih ulica. Glavnideo varo{i je bio oko uzvi{ewa, koje se sada zove bair, i neposredno je podgradom na severo-isto~noj strani.“ 78 Za na{a razmatrawa dragocena su i Cviji}evazapaàwa o brojnim tragovima starih puteva, koji su se do na{eg vremenaizgubili u novobrdskom reqefu. On je uo~io da se najboqe raspoznaju „puteviza Vrawe i Pri{tinu, zatim drugi, koji su vezivali ceove i vodili u Krivureku, jama~no do topionica. Po livadama i {umi vide se zaseci u strani, zaravweneduìne, kojima su i{li ti stari putevi… Svi tragovi ~ine utisak kaoda su stari putevi bili ude{eni samo za karavanski saobra}aj.“ 79U razdobqu izme|u dva svetska rata, 1933. godine, mawa terenska prou~avawapovr{inskih ostataka u Novom Brdu vr{io je arhitekta \ur|e Bo{kovi}.Glavnu pa`wu posvetio je ostacima utvr|ewa, ali je tako|e utvrdio da „svudaima temeqa starih gra|evina“. U svom izve{taju detaqno je opisao ostatke fortifikacija,sa prvom skicom utvr|enih prostora. Zakqu~io je da „tvr|avu75 Jovanovi} i dr. 2004, 14.76 Cviji} 1911, 1126.77 Isto.78 Isto, 126–27.79 Isto.
Page 5 and 6: REPUBLI^KI ZAVOD ZA ZA[TITU SPOMENI
Page 7 and 8: Marko POPOVI]Gordana SIMI]Fortifica
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Page 11 and 12: Sadr\aj11 |17 |25 |45 |47 |55 |65 |
Page 13 and 14: 11Uvodna razmatrayaNASTANAK I RAZVO
Page 15 and 16: 11Uvodna razmatrayaNASTANAK I RAZVO
Page 17 and 18: UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
Page 21 and 22: 17Geografski polo\aji topografija N
Page 29 and 30: 25Nastanak i razvoj Novog Brdau 14.
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Page 69 and 70: 65Stratigrafija kulturnih slojevai
Page 79 and 80: Sl. 25. Nalazi kerami~kih posuda: 1
Page 93 and 94: 89Zamak grada Novog Brda(Goryi grad
Page 95 and 96: Sl. 30. Novo Brdo - osnova ZamkaFig
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UTVR}EYA SREDYOVEKOVNOG GRADA NOVOG
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173Doyi grad - utvr]eni deogradskog
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215Podgra]eO NEKADA[WEM PROSTRANOM
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Sl. 100. Novo Brdo, pretpostavqeni
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227Zakqu;na razmatrayaISTRA@IVAWA O
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Prilozi/Appendices
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279Gordana Simi}Slobodan Radovanovi
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305Vesna Biki}Keramika Novog Brda -
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Novo Brdo Fortifications

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