TECHNOLOGY DIGEST - Draper Laboratory

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[26] Yu, H., “Comparative Studies of Magnetic Particle-Based Solid Phase Fluorogenic and Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay,” J. Immunol. Methods., Vol. 218, 1998, pp. 1-8. [27] Longchamp, P. and T. Leighton, “Molecular Recognition Specificity of Bacillus anthracis Spore Antibodies,” J. Appl. Microbiol., Vol. 87, 1999, pp. 246-9. [28] De, B.K., S.L. Bragg, G.N. Sanden, K.E. Wilson, L.A. Diem, C.K. Marston, A.R. Hoffmaster, G.A. Barnett, R.S. Weyant, T.G. Abshire, J.W. Ezzell, T. Popovic, “A Two-Component Direct Fluorescent-Antibody Assay for Rapid Identification of Bacillus anthracis,” Emerg. Infect. Dis., Vol. 8, 2002, pp. 1060-5. [29] Zhou, B., P. Wirsching, K.D. Janda, “Human Antibodies Against Spores of the Genus Bacillus: a Model Study for Detection of and Protection Against Anthrax and the Bioterrorist Threat,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 99, 2002, pp. 5241-6. [30] Shute, L.A., C.S. Gutteridge, J.R. Norris, R.C. Berkeley, “Curie- Point Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry Applied to Characterization and Identification of Selected Bacillus Species,” J. Gen. Microbiol., Vol. 130, 1984, pp. 343-55. [31] Fox, A., G.E. Black, K. Fox, S. Rostovtseva, “Determination of Carbohydrate Profiles of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus Including Identification of O-Methyl Methylpentoses Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,” J. Clin. Microbiol., Vol. 31, 1993, pp. 887-94. [32] Hathout, Y., P.A. Demirev, Y.P. Ho, J.L. Bundy, V. Ryzhov, L. Sapp, J. Stutler, J. Jackman, C. Fenselau, “Identification of Bacillus Spores by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization- Mass Spectrometry,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Vol. 65, 1999, pp. 4313-9. [33] Demirev, P.A., J. Ramirez, C. Fenselau, “Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Intact Proteins for Characterization of Biomarkers from Bacillus cereus T Spores,” Anal. Chem., Vol. 73, 2001, pp. 5725-31. [34] Elhanany, E., R. Barak, M. Fisher, D. Kobiler, Z. Altboum, “Detection of Specific Bacillus anthracis Spore Biomarkers by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry,” Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., Vol. 15, 2001, pp. 2110-6. [35] Mowry, C., C. Morgan, Q. Baca, R. Manginell, R. Kotenstette, P. Lewis, G. Frye-Mason, “Rapid Detection of Bacteria with Miniaturized Pyrolysis-GC Analysis,” Proceedings of SPIE, Boston, MA, 2001. 40 Detection of Biological and Chemical Agents Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry (DMS) Technology [36] Miller, R.A., G.A. Eiceman, E.G. Nazarov, A.T. King, “A Novel Micromachined High-Field Asymmetric Waveform-Ion Mobility Spectrometer,” Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 67, 2000, pp. 300-6. [37] Eiceman, G.A., B. Tadjikov, E. Krylov, E.G. Nazarov, R.A. Miller, J. Westbrook, P. Funk, “Miniature Radio-Frequency Mobility Analyzer as a Gas Chromatographic Detector for Oxygen- Containing Volatile Organic Compounds, Pheromones, and Other Inset Attractants,” J. Chromatography, Vol. 917, 2001, pp. 205-17. [38] Miller, R.A., G.A. Eiceman, E.G. Nazarov, A.T. King, “A MEMS Radio-Frequency Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Chemical Agent Detection,” presented at Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head Island, SC, 2000. [39] Krylov, E., E.G. Nazarov, R.A. Miller, B. Tadjikov, G.A. Eiceman, “Field Dependence of Mobilities for Gas-Phase-Protonated Monomers and Proton-Bound Dimers of Ketones by Planar Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometer (PFAIMS),” J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 106, 2002, pp. 5437-44. [40] Miller, R.A., E.G. Nazarov, G.A. Eiceman, A.T. King, “A MEMS Radio-Frequency Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Chemical Vapor Detection,” Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 91, 2001, pp. 307-18. [41] Davis, C.E., J.M. Kang, C.E. Dubé, J.T. Borenstein, E.G. Nazarov, R.A. Miller, A.M. Zapata, “Spore Biomarker Detection Using a MEMS Differential Mobility Spectrometer,” presented at Transducers, Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 2003. [42] Schaeffer, P., J. Millet, and J.P. Aubert, “Catabolic Repression of Bacterial Sporulation,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 54, 1965, pp. 704-711. [43] Fouet, A. and A.L. Sonenshein, “A Target for Carbon Source- Dependent Negative Regulation of the citB Promoter of Bacillus subtilis,” J. Bacteriol., Vol. 172, 1990, pp. 835-44. [44] Kirschstein, M., R. Jensen, R. Schroder, K. Sack, “Proteinuria after Renal Transplantation: Diagnosis with Highly Sensitive Silver Stain in Sodium Dodecylsulphate-Polyacrylamide Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,” Klin. Wochenschr, Vol. 69, 1991, pp. 847-52. [45] Wampler, T.P., Analytical Pyrolysis: An Overview, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995.
Detection of Biological and Chemical Agents Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry (DMS) Technology (l-r) Angela M. Zapata, Melissa D. Krebs Melissa D. Krebs is a Member of the Technical Staff at Draper Laboratory. Her Masters thesis work involved the study of protein interactions in the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum to investigate the mechanism for the efficient degradation of cellulose. Her current research interests include various application areas for DMS sensor technology, including biowarfare detection and clinical diagnostics. She received BS and MS degrees in Chemical Engineering from the University of Rochester (2002 and 2003, respectively). Angela M. Zapata is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff in the Biomedical Engineering Group at Draper Laboratory. She is responsible for developing novel technologies for solutions in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, environmental monitoring and remediation, and homeland defense. In 2002, she joined the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, Cambridge, where she started a 4-year school-to-work biotechnology training program for high school students. She rejoined Draper on a full-time basis in the fall of 2004. She holds 2 patents and 14 publications in the areas of field-deployable and MEMSbased analytical devices. Dr. Zapata received a BS in Chemistry from Worcester State College (1992) and a PhD in Analytical Chemistry from Tufts University (2000). Erkinjon G. Nazarov is a Chief Scientist at Sionex Corporation, Waltham, MA. He is a pioneer in DMS technology and has extensive experience in the design, fabrication, and evaluation of differential mobility spectrometry-based sensors. He received a BS from Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, Leningrad, Russia, a PhD from Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Leningrad, and Dr.Phys. and Math.Sci. degrees from St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia (1981 and 1992, respectively). Raanan A. Miller is the Founder, Vice President of Technology, and Chief Technical Officer of Sionex Corporation, Waltham, MA. He has over 12 years experience in MEMS technology development, including sensor and actuator design, modeling and process design, and fabrication. He has developed novel electromagnetic optical switches and beam-steering systems incorporating magnetic thin films and worked on incorporating novel materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films into MEMS acoustic sensors and actuators. A leading expert in differential mobility spectrometry, he is responsible for the MEMS microDMS sensor development and much of the Sionex intellectual property. Dr. Miller received a BS from Boston University and MS and PhD degrees from the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. Isaac S. Costa was previously a member of the MEMS and Bioengineering groups at Draper Laboratory, where he worked for 5 years. His research included applying DMS to spore detection and process development for the manufacture of the micro-canary sensor, the nonvolatile residue sensor, and the all-silicon oscillating accelerometer. His primary interest is in advanced process development for silicon MEMS devices based on silicon-on-insulator technology. He received a BS in Interdepartmental Sciences from the American International College, Springfield, MA. Abraham L. Sonenshein is a Professor of Molecular Biology and Microbiology at the Tufts University School of Medicine, and has studied the regulation of gene expression and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis for more than 30 years. He was the Editor of the Journal of Bacteriology from 1990 to 1996, and served as the Editor-in-Chief of “Bacillus subtilis and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria: Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Genetics and Bacillus subtilis” and “Its Closest Relatives: from Genes to Cells,” both published by ASM Press. Dr. Sonenshein was elected to fellowship in the American Academy of Microbiology in 1993 and has served on its Board of Governors since 1999. He received a BS in Biochemical Sciences from Princeton University (1965) and a PhD in Biology from MIT (1970). Cristina E. Davis is a Principal Member of the Technical Staff and Group Leader of Bioengineering at Draper Laboratory. Her work focuses on biological detection and analysis of biomarkers using the DMS sensor technology. Previous research includes high-throughput electrophysiology systems, membrane biophysics, signal transduction pathways in cell volume regulation, voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes, and MEMS biosensor research. Dr. Davis received a BS from Duke University, Durham, NC, with a double major in Mathematics and Biology (1994), and MS and PhD degrees in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Virginia (1996 and 1999, respectively). 41
Page 1 and 2: THE DRAPER TECHNOLOGY DIGEST 2006 V
Page 3 and 4: Introduction by Vice President, Eng
Page 5 and 6: niversary N O L O G Y D I G E S T e
Page 7 and 8: Bias Table 1. Typical SOA Performan
Page 9 and 10: A series expansion of Eq. (3) can b
Page 11 and 12: photo-maskset needed to fabricate t
Page 13 and 14: SF (ppm) & Bias (µg) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0
Page 15 and 16: The Silicon Oscillating Acceleromet
Page 17 and 18: The Flight Hardware Configuration A
Page 19 and 20: integrated and validation tested, f
Page 21 and 22: about a 25% base deflection. The la
Page 23 and 24: FalconView graphical map interface
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Initial GN&C-Related Drago
Page 27 and 28: Autonomous Guidance, Navigation, an
Page 29 and 30: opposite side of the cell back to a
Page 31 and 32: Heat loss due to gas conduction was
Page 33 and 34: REFERENCES [1] X-72 Data Sheet, htt
Page 35 and 36: Detection of Biological and Chemica
Page 37 and 38: Detection of Biological and Chemica
Page 39 and 40: Intensity (a.u.) Detection of Biolo
Page 41: shown here, we could move toward a
Page 45 and 46: Autonomous Mission Management for S
Page 47 and 48: capable of instantiating the agent
Page 53 and 54: Error (m) RESULTS Autonomous Missio
Page 59 and 60: A micromechanical tuning-fork gyros
Page 61 and 62: where σ is the squeeze number, [3]
Page 63 and 64: y 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Page 65 and 66: Solving for the pressure nodes simu
Page 67 and 68: Output Voltage (V) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.
Page 69 and 70: (49) where µ is 1.9e-5 N-s/m2 for
Page 71 and 72: Fluid Effects in Vibrating Micromac
Page 73 and 74: Barton, G.; Marinis, T.; Pryputniew
Page 75 and 76: Gustafson, D.; Dowdle, J.; Monopoli
Page 77 and 78: Sawyer, W.; Prince, M.; Brown, G. S
Page 79 and 80: Low-Cost, Low-Power Geolocation Sys
Page 81 and 82: The Optically Rebalanced Accelerome
Page 83 and 84: Anderson, R.; Connelly, J.; Hanson,
Page 85 and 86: The 2006 Charles Stark Draper Prize
Page 87 and 88: The Howard Musoff Student Mentoring
Page 89 and 90: MacLellan, S.; Supervisor: Staugler
Page 91 and 92: Inside Back Cover

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