LATE I"ATE WEICHSELIAN WEICIISELHN END MORA<strong>IN</strong>ES MORA<strong>IN</strong>ES <strong>AND</strong> <strong>DEGLACIATION</strong> DEGI"ACHTION <strong>IN</strong> <strong>EASTERN</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>CENTRAL</strong> F<strong>IN</strong>L<strong>AND</strong> F<strong>IN</strong>II\ND Synopsis by HEIKKI HEIKKI RA<strong>IN</strong>IO RAIMO with 4 <strong>fi</strong>gures <strong>fi</strong>gures in in the text ACADEMIC DISSERTATION DISSERTATION To To be presented with the permission permission of the Faculty Faculty of Science (Geology) of the University of Helsinki, for public public critisism in in the lecture lecture room 1049, Unioninkatu 37 on June June 19th, 1996, at 12 noon Geological Survey Sunrey of Finland Espoo 1996
Rainio, Heikki 1996. Late Weichselian end moraines and deglaciation deglaciation in eastern eastern and central Finland. Geological Suruey Survey of Finlnnd, Finland, Espoo. 73 pages and 4 frgures. <strong>fi</strong>gures. At the beginning of the the Salpausselkä I I phase, phase, the the front of the ice ice sheet sheet run from Värtsilä along the Finnish-Russian border northeast to Möhkö, Möhkö, where where it crossed crossed over over into Russian Karelia. During the the Salpausselkä Salpausselkä I I phase, the ice sheet sheet front, instead of remaining stationary in North Karelia as it did farther west, withdrew. The The Tuupouaara Tuupovaara end morainc moraine deposited during the the late late Salpausselkä Salpausselkä I I phase. Salpausselkäll Salpausselkä 11 and andthe the Koitere end maraine rrwraine are largely largely contemporaneous. However, However, the relationship between the end end moraines of ofTuupovaara Tuupovaara and Koitere Koitere suggests suggests that the part part of the Koitere end moraine east of Lake Koitere may have begun to to form during the last Salpausselkä I phase, phase, at the same time as that of the the T\rupovaara Tuupovaara end moraine, and that it represents the end of Salpausselkä I phase and the the Salpausselkä 11 II phase. phase. The Koitere end end moraine moraine is is physically correlative correlative with the the Rugozero @ukajärui) (RukajärvO end end moraine in Russian Karelia. Karelia. The Pielisjtirui Pielisjärvi end end moraine constitutes constitutes the the third chain chain of ice-marginal ice-marginal deposits. deposits. Its position, position, esker analysis and and the the base level of of erosion erosion during its formation all demonstrate it to be younger younger than than Salpausselkä 11 II and the Koitere Koitere end end moraine. moraine. It may be correlative in time time with with Salpausselkä 111; III; physically physically it is is correlative correlative with the KaLeualn Kalevala moraine m.oraine in in Russian Karelia. Karelia. The The ice ice sheet sheet readvanced twice for tens ofkilometres of kilometres in late-glacial late-glacial time, time, <strong>fi</strong>rst frrst before the deposition of Salpausselkä I, and and then then again before before the deposition of ofthe the Central Finland Finland end end moraine. moraine. These extensive extensive oscillations are called the Heinola deglaciation-Salpausselkä d,eglaciation-Salpausselkä readvance readuance and the Keuruu deglaciation-Jyväskylä deglaciation-Jyuäskyla readvance, r eadu ance, respectively. Key words (GeoRef Thesaurus, AG!): AGI): glacial glacial geology, geology, glacial glacial features, features, ice-marginal ice-marginal features, Salpausselkä, Central Central Finland Finland end moraine, moraine, stratigraphy, stratigraphy, deglaciation, deglaciation, readvance, readvance, Quaternary, Pleistocene, Pleistocene, Weichselian, Weichselian, historical geology, Finland, Central Finland, Finland, Eastern Eastern Finland, Finland, Russian Federation, Federation, Republic Republic of of Karelia. Heikki Rainio Rainia Geological Geol.ogical Survey of Finland Finland F<strong>IN</strong>-02150 Espoo Finland ISBN 951-690-628-1
- Page 1: LATE WEICHSELIAN END MORAINES AND D
- Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS CON"IENTS Preface . . . .
- Page 8 and 9: The thesis is based on the followin
- Page 10: Joint publications 9 I Publications
- Page 13 and 14: 20 km :l .,,I End Fnd moraines * /2
- Page 15 and 16: L4 14 Obsen'ations Observations of
- Page 17 and 18: 16 STI'DIES STUDIES ON ON THE SALPA
- Page 19 and 20: 18 there via Riihimfi, Riihimäki,
- Page 21 and 22: 20 the the notion, rejected rejecte
- Page 23 and 24: 22 In 1920, Leiviskä Leiviska publ
- Page 25 and 26: 24 24 According According to the in
- Page 27 and 28: 26 In this zone, whieh which is elo
- Page 29 and 30: 28 28 According to Berghell (1916),
- Page 31 and 32: 30 Rainio (1972) (L972) proposed th
- Page 33 and 34: s2 32 SALPAUSSEI.J(A SALPAUSSELKÄ
- Page 35 and 36: 34 34 In the the light light of the
- Page 37 and 38: 36 Rainio and Lahemo Lahermo togeth
- Page 39 and 40: 38 11 II Rainio, H. H. 1985. 1985.
- Page 41 and 42: 40 This This article presents new o
- Page 43 and 44: v 42 V Rainio, Rainio,Il. H. 1993.
- Page 45 and 46: 44 The conclusion is that that at a
- Page 47 and 48: 46 In a zone zone about 10-km wide
- Page 49 and 50: 48 The The relationship relationshi
- Page 51 and 52: 50 Jaamankangas are composed of san
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52 The The arguments presented pres
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55 hummoeky hunmocky moraines that
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Closing words A hundred years ago,
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REFERENCES 59 Aario, R- & Forsströ
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61 Ekman' r. & rliin, v., 1991. Deg
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63 Hyvärinen, rryvärinen, H., 197
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65 esker lands landscape cape of No
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67 Rainio, H., 1978. 1978. Exkursio
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69 Rainio, H., Saarnisto, M. & Ekma
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71 7L Sauramo, Saurarno, M., 1928.
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73 ?3 Wiik, wiik, F.J., 1876. Öfve
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