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Rainio, H. 1983. The Tuupovaara Tuupovaara end mOrlune moraine 10 in North Karelia,
Eastern Eastem Finland - an ice marginal marginal formation fomation of the same age as the
Salpausselkä Salpausselkä ridges. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 55,
67-76.
This report describes describes a previously previously largely unknown unknown end moraine in the province of
North Karelia. The landform, which extends extends from Värtsilä värtsilä to Ilomantsi via
Tohmajärvi and and Tuupovaara, r\rupovaara, is given the name Tuupovaara T\upovaara End Moraine. Including
a few short short gaps, it is 50 km long, trends N-S and SSW-NNE ssw-NNE and runs at distances
of 12 to 22 22fu' km from the distal distal flank of Salpausselkä 11. II. Striae indicate that the last
movement ofthe of the ice ice was perpendicular to the end moraine. To the southeast ofLake of Lake
Loitimo the striae extend for some 4 km to the the western western margin margin of the esker of
Otmen. otmen. The parts formed in the Baltic Baltic lce Ice Lake Lake and the Loitimo, a glacial lake,
consist mainly of glaciofluvial material, whereas whereas the supra-aquatic parts are
composed composed largely of till till and are much smaller smaller than the glaciofluvial glaciofluvial parts.
The Tuupovaara End Moraine Moraine begins begins at Pykälävaara, PykäLlävaara,4 4 km north ofthe of the easternmost
part parü of Salpausselkä Salpausselkä I, - the the Patsola marginal marginal delta. Pykälävaara lies 4-6 km Lm behind
the line of of the glacier margin represented by the plateaus of Salpausselkä I. The
trends of of the striae also indicate that that the delta delta plain of Pykälävaara is is slightly
younger than that at Patsola. Patsola.
The Tuupovaara Moraine is thus slightly younger than salpausselkä Salpausselkä I, but
distinctly older older than Salpausselkä 11, II, indicating that the margin of the Weichselian
ice sheet did not extend extend from Värtsilä to the ice-marginal deposition zone between
Kiihtelysvaara and selkäkangas, Selkäkangas, and that the ice ice receded more rapidly in the
Ilomantsi area than farther west during the the deposition deposition of Salpausselka Salpausselkä I.
The esker complex complex of _otmen, Otmen, which which is located about 2-b 2-5 km to the east of the
Tuupovaara Tuupovaara End Moraine, Moraine, lies at the boundary boundary between two different sets of
striations. From the evidence presented presented by by the the location location and structural features of
the complex, complex, it must be identifred identified as an interlobate interlobate complex.
TVenty-seven Twenty-seven stone stone counts indicate that the material was transported from between
the west and and northwest. Local rocks become predominant after a transport distance
of a few kilometres. kilometres.