DEGLACIATION IN EASTERN AND CENTRAL ... - arkisto.gsf.fi

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Results frorn from North Karelia and the narning naming of
geornorphological geomorphological units (I, IV, fV, VI)
Rainio published preliminary findings frndings on the position oftwo of two continuous end moraine
chains in 1972. L972. His licentiate thesis thesis in 1973 19?B dealt with the area between
Jaamankangas and and Uimaharju. uimaharju. In 1978 19?8 and 1980, 1g80, he published published his observations on
deglaciation and and end moraines in North Karelia Karelia in excursion guides, and in 1983 l98B the
results of a detailed detailed investigation of the Tuupovaara T\rupovaara end moraine, which is part I of
this doctoral thesis. Two T\vo years later he collected the names he had proposed for the
ice-marginal formations foruations in 1978, 1980 and 1983 1g8B :ind and published them together with
a map depicting their position (Rainio, 1985b). 1g8bb). In 1991, 19g1, he wrote a general
description of deglaciation deglaciation and the position position of of end moraine moraine ridges in North Karelia
for the excursion guide of the IGCP-253 IGCP-25B programme. programme. The description, which
incorporates his earlier suppositions, suppositions, examples examples of various various landforms and new
findings frndings and conclusions, constitutes constitutes part IV of this thesis. Part VI is also closely
related to the investigations investigations in North Karelia; Karelia; more about it on page 00.
Stu Studies dies elsewhere in southern southern Finland Finland (11, (II, 111, III, V, VI) VI)
Aß As a result of ofthe the sand and and gravel assessments assessments undertaken by the GSF in 1969-72 Lg6g-72
and the subsequent subsequent mapping of of Quaternary deposits, the research area beca-e became
larger than originally intended, eventually including including the structure structure of the
Salpausselkäs Salpausselkäs and Central Finland Finland end end moraine moraine and the stratigraphy of their
proximal zones. Observations made made on cuttings and striations in these zones
suggested that the the late-glacial late-glacial stratigraphy of southern Finland wEß was more complex
than had generally been been believed a couple ofdecades of decades earlier. It turned out that the
ideas about the "non-uniformity" of deglaciation put forward decades ago aga might be
worth reconsidering. reconsidering. Thus it was that the last deglaciation in southern and central
Finland and and the the position of the major major end moraines - - the salpausselkäs Salpausselkäs and the
Central Finland end end moraine - were included in in the research.
In the light of material mainly collected in the course of the assessment of sand and
gravel resources in Mikkeli province province and and mapping mapping of Quaternary deposits in the
Mikkeli, Vuohijärvi, Vuohijärvi, Lappeenranta, Savitaipale, Savitaipale, Kouvola, Kouvola, Heinola, Sysmä and
Luumäki map-sheet map-sheet areas, a paper was was published published vindicating M. M. Okko, who, in
1962, 1962, had suggested suggested that a substantial substantial oscillation of the Weichselian ice sheet had
preceded the formation of Salpausselkä Salpausselkä I. 1. That paper forms part part II of the present
thesis.