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I know a lot of people who have been scared by the prospect of playing with their production UNIX systems and have bought a $29 CD-ROM of the Linux operating system, a freely distributed UNIX “workalike.” Many people install this to a pretty low-end PC and learn on it. I recommend this highly—you won’t be afraid to “learn by destroying,” which is one of the best ways to learn. You’ll also do an install of what seems to be a complex operating system, and you’ll discover that it was actually pretty easy. It’s a good way to demystify a seemingly scary endeavor. Many commercial UNIX vendors have begun to offer free single-user versions of their UNIX flavors, too, for just this purpose. If you happen to have a commercial version of UNIX in production that you want to learn about, you’re sitting pretty—it’s always best to learn with exactly what you have in production. SCO (www.sco.com) and Sun (www.sun.com), for example, have this policy. (They do charge for shipping and handling, but last time I checked, it was a nominal charge.) Previous Table of Contents Next
Previous Table of Contents Next Although Microsoft has tried, NT has not quite eaten UNIX’s lunch yet. UNIX’s ability to reconfigure without rebooting and the way it keeps going and going and going garners it a good deal of respect from folks who run nonstop data centers. I’ve seen UNIX servers that have been continuously up for over two years without needing a reboot. (The UNIX administrator in question was a bit of a lunatic, because leaving any server up for that long is just playing with fire, but it’s still pretty impressive.) Friendly Daemons First a word about a UNIX server’s way of keeping track of the various programs running on it. You already know that Windows 95 shows you running programs on the system tray (the gray bar at the bottom of the screen). Well, a UNIX server typically has a couple hundred programs running at once—particularly because each client that connects to the server usually causes a separate program to fire off to serve the client. In Windows 95, that system tray would get pretty crowded! Instead, UNIX uses an internal process table that lists process numbers, the name of the processes, and other information. A UNIX server, like your Windows 95 PC, can run many programs at once. Not all of them will interact with a user directly. Many of them run in the background. These background processes are called daemons. All UNIX services, whether Telnet, HTTP, or FTP, run as daemons. When looking at a process listing, you can usually figure out which process is a daemon: It has a letter d at the end of its name. When talking about a daemon, you usually pronounce the d at the end, as in namedee for named. Suppose that a particular service is not running on a given UNIX server; say, for example, that the Web server doesn’t seem to be home. Rather than trying to reboot the server (other services would be interrupted by doing this), you might first investigate whether the Web server process is running and then start it if it’s not or stop it and restart it if it is. You usually need to be running as the super user (root) to stop or start processes. You can cause a great deal of damage when running as the root user; you should use the su (super user) command to temporarily gain root privileges, run your commands, and then exit, rather than logging in as root. Again, you can contribute greatly to your confidence level if you install a play system on a PC—either Linux or another flavor.
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To access the contents, click the c
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Workshop Q&A Quiz Answers to Quiz Q
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Eminent Domain TCP/IP Graffiti DHCP
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Configuring Your Proxy Proxy Troubl
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Socks Stuff AOL Instant Messenger A
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Table of Contents Introduction: Get
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about your more complex network iss
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Tell Us What You Think! Table of Co
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with me when I was first getting st
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NIC (network interface card) The te
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MAC Attack Previous Table of Conten
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Routers Previous Table of Contents
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technology as the future of local a
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for a TCP/IP address in a large net
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Sprechen Sie DLC? Previous Table of
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socket 80 of the TCP/IP address 167
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program in a name entry; entering t
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WINS Previous Table of Contents Nex
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kind and spit them out as fast as p
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Previous Table of Contents Next Hou
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Figure 2.1 A simple logical map. If
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Figure 2.4 A physical documentation
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the room). This way, you can read t
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un on the server at 9:50 on Monday
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Previous Table of Contents Next Par
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Beware of Vendor Your vendor probab
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call the risk/benefit ratio—the a
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Workshop Q&A Previous Table of Cont
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If you determine that it’s just o
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(see Figure 4.2). Figure 4.2 An Eth
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Division of Labor Previous Table of
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just that the network itself is at
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A Each situation is obviously diffe
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Ruling out is particularly effectiv
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Drive duplication can be a big help
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Previous Table of Contents Next Aft
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5. When you log problems on a given
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if they have a plan, they are going
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Is It a Virus, Doc? Previous Table
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O: Only have tried two other Intern
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A Remember that what a user says is
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Previous Table of Contents Next Loo
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Figure 7.1 Searching several sites
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You’ll also find forums run by th
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Previous Table of Contents Next
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a server but you think it should be
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Workshop Q&A Previous Table of Cont
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Name Brand Versus Generic PCs The c
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static electricity that may have bu
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SIMMs and DIMMs There are two kinds
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This is called looping back, becaus
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Windows Previous Table of Contents
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Figure 8.4 The NT Task Manager’s
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UNIX Previous Table of Contents Nex
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Page 123 and 124: which translates into lots of colli
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Page 127 and 128: designation is simply an industry-s
Page 129 and 130: Down, Down, Down Previous Table of
Page 131 and 132: A Collisions cause other errors, su
Page 133 and 134: Follow the Rules: Share and Enjoy!
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Page 137 and 138: Token Analyzers Finding a NAUN is r
Page 139 and 140: Token-Ring does not have any hard-a
Page 141 and 142: Down Town Previous Table of Content
Page 143 and 144: C. 1, 16 D. 4, 16 Answers to Quiz Q
Page 145 and 146: Going Native Although Windows allow
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Page 149 and 150: machine with the username Administr
Page 151 and 152: protocol. They therefore relied on
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Page 155 and 156: Most of the time, you’ll not want
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Page 159 and 160: Binding Previous Table of Contents
Page 161 and 162: Figure 11.6 Showing bindings for al
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Page 165 and 166: Figure 11.8 A monitor session. We k
Page 167 and 168: case you need them. 2. What does SM
Page 169: a great example of client/server. W
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Page 175 and 176: tcp 0 0 frotz.frob.com.telnet 200.1
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Page 179 and 180: The next thing you need to find out
Page 181 and 182: A UNIX security and file permission
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Page 185 and 186: the amount of time used or data sen
Page 187 and 188: NLMs In addition to accepting comma
Page 189 and 190: NLM Party Previous Table of Content
Page 191 and 192: Again, make sure you are running th
Page 193 and 194: Big Monitor Is Watching Previous Ta
Page 195 and 196: Then, eureka! During one session of
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Page 199 and 200: Figure 13.10 UNICON will configure
Page 201 and 202: Summary Previous Table of Contents
Page 203 and 204: 7. The TCP/IP protocol and basic se
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Page 209 and 210: Router 1 in Figure 14.3 is shown in
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Page 217 and 218: Figure 14.4 How two stations talk v
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garbage characters like these on a
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A. Add Router 99 to Router 88’s r
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Let’s lay out some definitions he
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Packet-Filtering Routers Previous T
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eceptionist hangs up one line (the
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from the proxy server without causi
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Proxy Trouble Previous Table of Con
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3. The proxy server resolves the na
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Q My vendor says that its firewall
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• Make checklists of tasks that m
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Joe User Previous Table of Contents
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groups | grep -q -w network && { ec
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If you’re going to add or replace
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Policies Previous Table of Contents
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in this hour—will pay off as you
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Q Which duplication software is rig
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Hour 17 Where Do I Start? Previous
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As optimistic as we’d all like to
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• PCAnywhere • ReachOut • Rem
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IPX/SPX Previous Table of Contents
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Q What happens if I ping the loopba
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correlations? A. netstat -a B. trac
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equire that the application files t
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The File and Print Blues Previous T
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With five potential points of failu
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In some cases, a slight difference
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Application Celebration Previous Ta
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Proto Local Address Foreign Address
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printer 515 Line Printer Daemon (ne
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Connected to 167.195.160.6. Escape
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Workshop Q&A Q What in the blazes i
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3. A 4. B 5. False 6. B 7. True 8.
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Intranet = Internal The word intran
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Internet Identification Previous Ta
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If an outside machine is “on the
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Here I Ping Again Previous Table of
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Figure 19.6 DNS zones, like the fol
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[rs.internic.net] Registrant: John
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For example, I ran an NFS server on
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• SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Pro
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Dialout DNS Previous Table of Conte
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3. What does DMZ stand for? A. DNS
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• It’s a way to avoid a Dilbert
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Socks Stuff Previous Table of Conte
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Figure 20.2 The AOL Instant Messeng
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RealPlayer Previous Table of Conten
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external client for proxy support,
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Typical Operation Previous Table of
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scantily, and still others are not
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Not every kind of filter is availab
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important. Your relative or interpa
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Application Antics Previous Table o
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Broken Ring Previous Table of Conte
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creating a segment between the swit
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Q Where can I get an Ethernet mini-
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Figure 22.1 The MG-Soft MIB browser
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the probe has picked up what’s go
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Previous Table of Contents Next Her
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information without the overhead th
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A. Broadcast B. Baseline C. Brag D.
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• Application efficiency • Serv
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Application and Protocol Efficiency
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and so on—is to measure. Everythi
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it a point to say, “Would you sho
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Here are the two types of performan
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Network Statistics Previous Table o
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Q About that latency analysis metho
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Router Configuration Previous Table
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For the second option, you’ll hav
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Automatic for the People Previous T
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are in an unknown location) to conn
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Previous Table of Contents Next The
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C. SYS:SYSTEM\AUTOEXEC.BAT D. SYS:P
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active hub An active hub is one tha
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A TCP-based authentication service
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applications and protocols are base
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An extremely fast network cable tha
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See Internet Group Management Proto
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A device that converts (modulates)
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providers. Point-to-Point Tunneling
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security audit An examination (ofte
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An essential part of a network inte
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Index Symbols A 100 Megabit Etherne
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C new product, 45-46 burned-in addr
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DLC (Data Link Control), 17 DMZ (de
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F fat finger factor, 42-43, 46 fata
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ICQ, 335-336 IMAP (Internet Mail Ap
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M filters, 347-352 LANDecoder, 347
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NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output
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network card. See NIC Network Contr
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power supply check, 66 troubleshoot
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Q-R qualitative problems, 58 quanti
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names, 393-394 NetWare, 202 paging
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T dumb terminal mode, 211, 224 full
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isolating soft errors, 135-136 LANa
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U standardizing configuration, 245
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V W upstream, 134 Usenet newsgroups
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autodetection problems, 159 broadca
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