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to connect geograph-ically disperse areas. A switch can be used as a hub replacement, allowing users to enjoy an unshared line to communicate to other devices on the network. The documentation that comes with your switch or router should become bathroom reading material if you really want to be able to handle problems. Of course, the theory is really important, but router and switch theory by itself won’t do you a lot of good; you’ll also need to know specific informational and configuration commands for your devices. Routers are much more complex than switches, and they communicate back and forth quite a lot via routing protocols. Switches, on the other hand, are pretty dumb, and they only talk to each other to avoid a duplicate path to a workstation. Both switches and routers, however, are more often than not hybrid devices that can route packets at a protocol level or switch packets at a data link level, all depending on how you configure them. <strong>Workshop</strong> Q&A Q My boss has been saying that we should chuck all our routing and switching gear and get in some layer-three switches. What the heck is she talking about? A Let’s first define what a layer-three switch does. To do so, we need to review that icky OSI sevenlayer cake I talked about earlier. Here are the OSI layers in order: • Physical • Data link • Network • Transport • Session • Presentation • Application Without getting heavy into it, layer-three switching refers to the network layer, meaning the network protocol (TCP/IP or IPX/SPX, for example). And a device for taking in stuff and deciding what to do with it based on the network protocol is what? Yep, a router. Layer-three switch is just a new marketing term for a very fast router. So, the question for you is this: Do you need a new router? Q I tried to connect to my router/switch with a serial cable. I’m pretty sure that I’m using a null modem cable, but every time I use my communications program, all I see is a bunch of ç characters. Why is my device speaking French to me? Does it think I’m cute or something? A Don’t worry, your device isn’t making a pass at you; it’s not even speaking French! Any time you see
garbage characters like these on a serial connection, it probably means you’re running with incorrect communication parameters. If you’re using the correct default parameters, as specified by your documentation, somebody has probably improved the connection by ramping up the connection speed and hasn’t told you about it. Try 19200bps, 38400bps, or 57600bps. If those don’t work, you can always try changing the stop bits or parity—but realize that people usually don’t monkey with these on the device end. This problem is typically the result of a speed issue. Previous Table of Contents Next
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To access the contents, click the c
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Workshop Q&A Quiz Answers to Quiz Q
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Eminent Domain TCP/IP Graffiti DHCP
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Configuring Your Proxy Proxy Troubl
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Socks Stuff AOL Instant Messenger A
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Table of Contents Introduction: Get
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about your more complex network iss
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Tell Us What You Think! Table of Co
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with me when I was first getting st
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NIC (network interface card) The te
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MAC Attack Previous Table of Conten
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Routers Previous Table of Contents
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technology as the future of local a
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for a TCP/IP address in a large net
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Sprechen Sie DLC? Previous Table of
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socket 80 of the TCP/IP address 167
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program in a name entry; entering t
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WINS Previous Table of Contents Nex
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kind and spit them out as fast as p
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Previous Table of Contents Next Hou
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Figure 2.1 A simple logical map. If
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Figure 2.4 A physical documentation
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the room). This way, you can read t
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un on the server at 9:50 on Monday
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Previous Table of Contents Next Par
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Beware of Vendor Your vendor probab
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call the risk/benefit ratio—the a
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Workshop Q&A Previous Table of Cont
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If you determine that it’s just o
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(see Figure 4.2). Figure 4.2 An Eth
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Division of Labor Previous Table of
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just that the network itself is at
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A Each situation is obviously diffe
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Ruling out is particularly effectiv
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Drive duplication can be a big help
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Previous Table of Contents Next Aft
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5. When you log problems on a given
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if they have a plan, they are going
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Is It a Virus, Doc? Previous Table
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O: Only have tried two other Intern
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A Remember that what a user says is
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Previous Table of Contents Next Loo
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Figure 7.1 Searching several sites
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You’ll also find forums run by th
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Previous Table of Contents Next
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a server but you think it should be
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Workshop Q&A Previous Table of Cont
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Previous Table of Contents Next Par
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Name Brand Versus Generic PCs The c
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static electricity that may have bu
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SIMMs and DIMMs There are two kinds
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This is called looping back, becaus
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Windows Previous Table of Contents
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Figure 8.4 The NT Task Manager’s
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UNIX Previous Table of Contents Nex
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Probably the most important thing t
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Hour 9 Ethernet Basics Previous Tab
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which translates into lots of colli
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it currently requires fiber-optic c
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designation is simply an industry-s
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Down, Down, Down Previous Table of
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A Collisions cause other errors, su
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Follow the Rules: Share and Enjoy!
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Previous Table of Contents Next Err
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Token Analyzers Finding a NAUN is r
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Token-Ring does not have any hard-a
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Down Town Previous Table of Content
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C. 1, 16 D. 4, 16 Answers to Quiz Q
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Going Native Although Windows allow
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Eminent Domain Previous Table of Co
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machine with the username Administr
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protocol. They therefore relied on
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Previous Table of Contents Next Fol
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Most of the time, you’ll not want
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allows you to manage them and check
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Binding Previous Table of Contents
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Figure 11.6 Showing bindings for al
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Informational Commands Previous Tab
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Figure 11.8 A monitor session. We k
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case you need them. 2. What does SM
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Page 173 and 174: The first number is the process ID
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Page 179 and 180: The next thing you need to find out
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Page 185 and 186: the amount of time used or data sen
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Page 191 and 192: Again, make sure you are running th
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Page 195 and 196: Then, eureka! During one session of
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Page 199 and 200: Figure 13.10 UNICON will configure
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Page 203 and 204: 7. The TCP/IP protocol and basic se
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Page 235 and 236: 3. The proxy server resolves the na
Page 237 and 238: Q My vendor says that its firewall
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Page 241 and 242: • Make checklists of tasks that m
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Page 245 and 246: groups | grep -q -w network && { ec
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Page 251 and 252: in this hour—will pay off as you
Page 253 and 254: Q Which duplication software is rig
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Page 257 and 258: As optimistic as we’d all like to
Page 259 and 260: • PCAnywhere • ReachOut • Rem
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Page 263 and 264: Q What happens if I ping the loopba
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With five potential points of failu
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In some cases, a slight difference
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Application Celebration Previous Ta
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Proto Local Address Foreign Address
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printer 515 Line Printer Daemon (ne
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Connected to 167.195.160.6. Escape
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Workshop Q&A Q What in the blazes i
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3. A 4. B 5. False 6. B 7. True 8.
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Intranet = Internal The word intran
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Internet Identification Previous Ta
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If an outside machine is “on the
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Here I Ping Again Previous Table of
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Figure 19.6 DNS zones, like the fol
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[rs.internic.net] Registrant: John
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For example, I ran an NFS server on
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• SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Pro
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Dialout DNS Previous Table of Conte
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3. What does DMZ stand for? A. DNS
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• It’s a way to avoid a Dilbert
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Socks Stuff Previous Table of Conte
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Figure 20.2 The AOL Instant Messeng
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RealPlayer Previous Table of Conten
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external client for proxy support,
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Typical Operation Previous Table of
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scantily, and still others are not
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Not every kind of filter is availab
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important. Your relative or interpa
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Application Antics Previous Table o
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Broken Ring Previous Table of Conte
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creating a segment between the swit
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Q Where can I get an Ethernet mini-
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Figure 22.1 The MG-Soft MIB browser
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the probe has picked up what’s go
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Previous Table of Contents Next Her
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information without the overhead th
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A. Broadcast B. Baseline C. Brag D.
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• Application efficiency • Serv
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Application and Protocol Efficiency
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and so on—is to measure. Everythi
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it a point to say, “Would you sho
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Here are the two types of performan
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Network Statistics Previous Table o
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Q About that latency analysis metho
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Router Configuration Previous Table
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For the second option, you’ll hav
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Automatic for the People Previous T
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are in an unknown location) to conn
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Previous Table of Contents Next The
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C. SYS:SYSTEM\AUTOEXEC.BAT D. SYS:P
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active hub An active hub is one tha
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A TCP-based authentication service
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applications and protocols are base
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An extremely fast network cable tha
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See Internet Group Management Proto
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A device that converts (modulates)
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providers. Point-to-Point Tunneling
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security audit An examination (ofte
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An essential part of a network inte
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Index Symbols A 100 Megabit Etherne
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C new product, 45-46 burned-in addr
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DLC (Data Link Control), 17 DMZ (de
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F fat finger factor, 42-43, 46 fata
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ICQ, 335-336 IMAP (Internet Mail Ap
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M filters, 347-352 LANDecoder, 347
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NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output
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network card. See NIC Network Contr
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power supply check, 66 troubleshoot
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Q-R qualitative problems, 58 quanti
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names, 393-394 NetWare, 202 paging
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T dumb terminal mode, 211, 224 full
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isolating soft errors, 135-136 LANa
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U standardizing configuration, 245
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V W upstream, 134 Usenet newsgroups
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autodetection problems, 159 broadca
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