for the sqfe use of lqsers - LIGO

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o I Contents SECTION l. General I q^^na r.r oeuPc. 1.2 Application. 1.3 l,aser Safety Oflicer (LSO) 2. Definitions 3. Hazard Evaluation and Classification 3.1 Ceneral. 3.2 LaserConsiderations. 3.3 Laser and I-aser System Hazard Classification Definitions. 3.4 Environment in Which the Laser is Used. 3.5 Personnel. 4. Control Measures 4.1 General Considerations. . 4.2 Laser Safety Oflicer (LSO). 4.3 Engineering Controls. 4.4 Administrative and Procedural Controls. . . 4.5 Special Considerations . 4.6 PersonalProtectiveEquipmeni ..... 4.7 Waming Signs and Labels 4.8 Service and Repair of Laser Systems. . . . ' , 4.9 Modification of Laser Systems. 5. Laser Safety and Training Programs 5.1 Organization. 5.2 Education. 5.3 Implementation. ..... Medical Surveillance 6.1 General. 6.2 Personnel Categories- 6.3 General Procedures. 6.4 Frequency of Medical Examinations. 7. SoecialConsiderations 7. t Industrial Hygiene Considerations. 7.2 Explosion Hazards. .... 7.3 Optical Radiation Hazards - (Other than Laser Beam Hazards). 7.4 Electrical Hazards. . 7.5 Flammability ofLaser Beam Enclosutes. . 7.6 Laser Operation in Outdoor Environments . Criteria for Exposure of the Eye and Skin 8.1 Intrabeam Viewing and Extended-Source Ocular Exposures. . . . 8.2 MPE for Intrabeam Viewing. 8.3 MPE for Extended-Source Viewing. . . . . . 8.4 MPE for Skin Exnosure to a Laser Beam. 8.5 Special Qualifications - lnfrared. 9. Measurements 9.1 General. 9.2 lntrabeam and Extended-Source Measurements, 9,3 Instruments. I I I 6 6 7 8 9 l0 ll l') t6 tt t9 2l 22 z2 22 22 22 ,)? 23 23 23 23 .i 24 25 25 25 25 26 26 27 2'l 27 28
o SECTION 10. Revision of American National Standards Refened to in This Document Tables Table I Accessible Emission Limits for Selected Continuous-Wave Lasers and Laser Systems Table 2 Summary of Levels (Energy and Radiant Exposure Emissions) for Single-Pulsed Leser and Laser System Classification Table 3 Maximum Radiant Exposure Incident Upon a Diffuse Surface Which Will Not Produce Hazardous Reflections Table 4 Minimum Optical Densities Required forProtectiveEyewear . . ., . Table 5 MPE for Direct Ocular Exposure, Intrabeam Viewing, to a LaserBeam .. Table 6 MPE for Viewing a Diffuse Reflection of a Laser Beam or an Extended Source Table7 MPE for Skin Exposurc to a Laser Beam Table 8 Required Radiomeric Parameters Table 9 Maximum Apenure Diameters (Limiting Aperture) for Measurement Averaging Table l0 Control Measures for the Four Laser Classes Figurcs Fig. la Fig. lb Fig. lc Fig. 2a Fig. 2b Fig. 2c Fig. 2d Fig. 2e Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Sample Waming Sign for Class 2 and Certain Class 3a Lasers Sample Waming Sign for Certain Class 3a Lasers and for Class 3b and Class 4 Lasers Sample Waming Sign for Temporary Conholled Area Area,/EntrYway Safety Controls for Class 4 Lasen Safeay Controls for Class 4 Lasers where Arey'Entryway Controls are Inappropriate . . . . Unsupervised Laser Installation for Demonstrationlaser .,,,. Supervised Laser lnstallation for Demonshationlaser .... . Supervised Laser Installation for Demonstrationlaser ...., Limiting Angular Subtense (Apparent Visual Angle), 0tn6, for l"= 0.4 to 1.4 lrm MPE for Direct Ocular Exposure to Visible and Near Infrared Radiation (1"= 0.4 to 1.4 pm) Intrabeam Viewing (Angular Subtense < o'n;n in Fig. 3), for Single Pulses or Exposures . 28 30 3l 3l JJ 34 35 35 36 4l 43
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Page 5 and 6: SECTION Figures Fig. Bl Fig. 92 Fig
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2I.16.I-
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O(Dlo q -i@ (o t o o ct I t (o (o I
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o Appendixes Appendix A This Append
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APPENDIX Laser Type Helium-Cadmium
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o o APPENDIX source d-in = Minimum
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APPENDIX which has an output of thr
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APPENDIX B3.3 Central-Beam Irradian
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APPENDIX NOTE 3: For rectangular or
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o APPENDIX ' 0,1+(200)(5 x t0-3) l.
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o o APPENDIX Step 3. Determine the
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APPENDIX Table Bl Typical Diffuse R
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I t APPENI)IX l--rxe6e---.1 Fig. B{
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o APPENDIX 't6 UJ (L d F x 9 J (r l
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APPENDIX 7lr SYMBOL AND BORDER. BLA
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APPENDIX D3. Safety Committee D3.l
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APPENDIX 82 Table Dl Recomrnended T
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APPENDIX been linked to working wit
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APPENDIX F2. Cryogenic Liquids Cryo
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APPENDIX simple heat flow models aP
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o APPENDIX Goldman, L., Rockwell, R
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Table l0 Control Measures for the F
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