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3 Cases from Tanzania Receiving mentality Karagwe District borders Rwanda and is close to Burundi. Refugees from these two countries flooded into the area in the mid-1990s, and many NGOs and government services provided services for free. Local people got used to getting free food and services such as training. Participants were sometimes even paid allowances to attend training. They came to feel entitled to such services without any contribution from their side. Times have now changed, but this mentality has not. It continues to hamper people’s willingness to become active and to use the opportunities open to them. Organic pest and disease management Many farmers find it difficult to imagine managing pests without applying chemicals. That is especially true for tomatoes (against fungus and blight diseases), coffee (berry disease) and sweet bananas (Panama disease). Organic farming avoids artificial chemicals, using instead biological measures, the use of resistant varieties, diversified cropping, intercropping and companion planting. Nevertheless, farmers fear they will lose a major part of their harvest if they stop using pesticides. scaling up CHEMA has undertaken various measures to scale up its organic farming work in Rulenge diocese: • It expanded its training from the initial 110 farmers in two wards to over 1000 farmers in the three districts. • After the export market link was established, CHEMA encouraged farmers to produce more pineapples and diversify to other fruits such as papayas and sweet bananas, which could be processed to fetch a better price. • CHEMA is in the process of establishing a training centre where farmers and extension staff will be trained in natural resources management and sustainable agriculture. • It has acquired communication equipment: computers and an internet connection. • Before starting work in a new village, CHEMA involves the village administration in identifying local needs and priorities. • CHEMA encourages the enforcement of existing by-laws on the use of natural resources, including discouraging uncontrolled bush fires. To overcome the various challenges, CHEMA needs to: • Establish an internal inspection unit for organically produced crops to support and encourage farmers to practise organic farming. • Support the establishment and strengthening of local institutions that will be able to complement its village-level training efforts. • Provide training for CHEMA’s own staff in marketing so they can help farmers to exploit market opportunities. 84 More information: CHEMA, chema@satconet.net The work of Community Habitat Environmental Management is supported by Misereor. www.misereor.org
Networking for sustainable agriculture PELUM-Tanzania PELUM-Tanzania: Networking for sustainable agriculture n the earLy 1990s, the Tanzanian government opened the door for the creation of non- igovernmental organizations to complement its own development efforts. Many NGOs were formed at the community level to work on sustainable agriculture. Most are small and highly localized. They focus closely on their field work with farmers in a particular area, and have a particular set of expertise. They have many needs that they cannot supply by themselves: staff upgrading, technical information materials, new ideas on technologies and extension approaches. But they also have strengths: they have operated in the field for many years, so have much to teach each other. And they have many valuable experiences that government, donors and other development organizations can learn from. Networking can answer these small organizations’ needs, and enable them to take advantage of each others’ strengths. PELUM-Tanzania was formed to enable them to come together to facilitate learning, networking and advocacy in sustainable agriculture. The network feeds various experiences into a more strategic process to influence rural development. PELUM-Tanzania is one of the ten country working groups of the Participatory Ecological Land Use Management (PELUM) Association, which covers East, Central and Southern Africa. The PELUM Association was founded in 1995 with 25 members, and it now has more than 160 member organizations throughout the region. PELUM-Tanzania was formed in 1995 as the Tanzanian branch of the regional association. It was officially registered as a Trust Fund in 2002. Currently PELUM-Tanzania has 33 member organizations, most of which work in various aspects of sustainable agriculture throughout Tanzania. It facilitates learning, networking and advocacy in promoting sustainable agriculture, the rational use natural resources, household seed and food security, and sustainable rural communities. PELUM-Tanzania’s work includes capacity building, documenting and communicating information, networking of farmers’ organizations, advocacy, and gathering and analysing information on markets in Tanzania. The sections below describe each of these activities in turn. capacity building Capacity building of development practitioners is important so they can acquire the skills they need to serve farmers in their area. It also enables organizations to plan and implement activities more effectively. 85
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6 Participants’ profiles Richard
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Charlotte Häusler Development work
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Esther Njeri 6 Participants’ prof
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6 Participants’ profiles Stefan h
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