International Journal of Noni Research - Noni Family

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N. Mathivanan et al. Chemical and biological properties of Morinda spp. Table 2. Sugar, lipid and crude fiber content in the fruits of M. citrifolia M. pubescens Content M. citrifolia M. pubescens Reducing Sugar (mg/g) 0.6 0.2 Total soluble sugar (mg/g) 1.4 2.0 Starch (mg/g) 1.1 2.2 Lipid or Oil (%) 3.3 2.0 Crude Fiber (%) 40.0 62.0 Table 3. Content of elements in the fruits of Morinda spp. Element M. citrifolia M. pubescens Nitrogen (%) 5.0 3.6 Phosphorus (%) 0.25 0.18 Potassium (%) 2.5 2.3 Magnesium (%) 0.3 0.2 Zinc (ppm) 125 99 Iron (ppm) 1722 744 Copper (ppm) 3317 2376 Manganese (ppm) 46 87 Calcium (ppm) 3.0 2.9 Elements Most of the elements are present in high amount in the fruits of M. citrifolia than in M. pubescens. However, Mn was present in high quantity in M. pubescens and Ca, K, P and Mg content was almost on par in both the fruits (Table 3). Antioxidative activity The chloroform fruit extracts of M. citrifolia and M. pubescens showed an excellent antioxidant activity compared to ethyl acetate and methanol fruit extracts (Figs. 1-6). The antioxidative activity was more pronounced in the fruit extracts of M. pubescens (Mp) compared to M. citrifolia (Mc). Intl. J. Noni Res. 2007, 2(1-2) 66
67 Intl. J. Noni Res. 2007, 2(1-2) Table 4. MIC of fruit extracts of M. citrifolia and M. pubescens on human and plant pathogens Pathogen M. citrifolia M. pubescens MIC (mg/ml) Escherichia coli 50 200 Candida albicans 150 200 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 200 400 Staphyllococcus aureus 200 150 Bipolaris oryzae 200 300 Curvularia lunata 300 350 Rhizoctonia solani 250 600 Macrophomina phaseolina 300 600 Phytophthora infestans 200 650 Fusarium oxysporum 300 700 Biological properties Antimicrobial activity N. Mathivanan et al. Chemical and biological properties of Morinda spp. The MIC of the chroloform fruit extract of M. citrifolia was estimated between 50 and 300 mg/ml against different pathogens. However, it was determined as 150 to 700 mg/ml for M. pubescens (Table 4). Effect of fruit extracts of M. citrifolia and M. pubescens on respiration in fungal pathogens The rate of respiration in fungal pathogens was greatly reduced due to treatment of fruit extracts of M. citrifolia and M. pubescens as compared to untreated control. The respiration rate ranged from 61.3 to 94.5 Mol./h/min and 58.2 – 127.3 Mol./h/min, respectively due to treatment of M. citrifolia and M. pubescens as against 97.8 – 250.2 in control (Table 5). Hepatoprotective effect of Morinda spp. The rats supplemented with fruit extract showed considerable improvement in the fucose content, ample prevention in the depletion of uric acid, ceruloplasmin and glutathione (GSH). They also showed considerable alteration in iron and elevation of lipid peroxides as compared to D-gal intoxicated animals (Table 6 & 7). The histopathological studies have revealed that the Morinda spp. fruit
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