NSLS Activity Report 2006 - Brookhaven National Laboratory

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Gibbs said that along with NSLS-II, the CFN will “enable the nanoscience revolution,” and he said that the joint user meetings should take place every year or two. “It is very significant and gratifying that so many users have come here from all over,” he said. “We should continue to have such joint workshops because they perform a valuable service and bring us together.” “It really has been fun being interim director,” he said. “It’s an exciting time to lead this project.” NSLS Update An update on the work of the NSLS was given by Chi-Chang Kao, Interim NSLS Chairman. He said that FY06 was a “tough year,” but observed that no layoffs were necessary, and he said that funding prospects for FY07 remain very good. Kao said the NSLS continues to serve some 2,300 users per year, and announced plans for a BNL User Center to give users “one-stop shopping,” for functions including checkin, badging, and housing. The user center will also Chi-Chang Kao have extended hours on nights and weekends. He said the NSLS hopes to continue to add more staff on the floor, which he termed important for both science and safety. “More staff, then more beamlines,” he said. Kao addressed the issue of orbit stability at the facility, noting that the staff running the 65 operating beamlines is not the same staff that built them. “There has been some lack of understanding of the sensitivity of beamline optics to electron beam motion,” he said. “The beamlines need regular alignment and performance calibration.” Along with its usual complement of materials science users, Kao noted an “up tick” in the number of biomedical imaging users. A technique called Diffraction Enhanced Imaging or DEI has been developed to image soft tissue samples and delivers 8 to 33 times greater contrast than digital mammograms. “This could eventually have a very wide impact in the health industry,” he said. In conclusion, Kao promised both an aggressive upgrade plan for the facility and close NSLS-CFN coordination. 3-16 Building Safe Nanomaterials As science ventures into the nanoworld, concerns will arise over the potential risks involved in producing and working with materials with properties that may not have previously been observed. Vicki Colvin, a chemistry professor from Rice University, spoke about developing nanomaterials with low environmental impacts. The future of nanotechnology promises answers to key questions in science, she said. Of particular interest to Long Islanders and others in the northeast United States is a technology to remove arsenic from water efficiently and in large quantities. But in considering such advances in technology, scientists must deal with what Colvin termed the “Wow to Yuck Trajectory,” in which the environmental impacts of new technology are only revealed after the technology is in wide use. Examples include DDT, which cured malaria but endangered birds, and refrigerants, which cooled our houses but led to a hole in the ozone layer. “Early examination of nanomaterials’ effects will create a responsible technology,” Colvin said. “Scientific data and analysis should take the debate about the risks of nanotechnology to the highest possible technical level.” Colvin illustrated some of the challenges inherent in attempting to answer questions of risk by considering the question: Are single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) toxic? She pointed out that there are 20 major types of SWNTs, and four manufacturing types. All of these types have different lengths, different purification methods, and 10 possible surface coatings, for a possible 50,000 SWNT samples. “It will be necessary to map out basic structurefunction relationships for nanomaterials and biological impacts,” she said. “Fundamental nanostructure will include both chemical and physical properties.” NSLS User Science Talks Following a lunch break, users heard from several scientists who have conducted research at the NSLS. Henry Chapman, a staff scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, spoke on “Ultrafast Coherent Diffraction Imaging with a Soft X-Ray Free-Electron Laser.” This vacuum ultra-violet free-electron laser is located at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg, Germany. It generates pulses just 25 femtoseconds in duration with more than a trillion photons per pulse, and is the first free-electron laser to produce soft x-rays. It is ideal for high-resolution holography and imaging, Chapman said, and he showed this by displaying diffraction images and measurements.
Next, a talk on the “Engineering of Carbon Nanotube Structures” was presented by Pulickel M. Ajayan from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His talk focused on recent developments in his laboratory to fabricate carbon-nanotube-based structures that are tailored for various applications. Specifically, he discussed how he and his group create branched nanotube and nanotubehybrid structures for applications such as sensors, electrical interconnects, and filters. Before the afternoon break, Lawrence Shapiro, an associate professor at Columbia University, spoke on “Decoding Cell Adhesion with Protein Crystallography.” Cell adhesion – connections that allow cells to stick together – is critical to the formation of tissues and complex cellular networks, such as those that make up the nervous system. These connections are made possible by a few cell-surface protein families. Shapiro discussed how, at the NSLS and other synchrotrons, high-resolution protein-crystal structures are beginning to reveal the atomic-level mechanisms of cell adhesion. Other Notables Each year, the NSLS Users’ Executive Committee (UEC) presents one user with the UEC Community Service Award, which honors hard work and dedication toward bettering the experience of users and the user community. At the main meeting, UEC Chair Peter Stephens presented this year’s award to Bob Sweet (BNL-Biology). More details on this year’s award can be found in the following article. At the conclusion of the main meeting, participants attended the annual poster session and vendor exhibition. Hors d'oeuvres were served as attendees mingled and talked, making for a lively, enjoyable event. Awards were presented to the top student and postdoc posters, which were on display in the NSLS lobby during the month of June. The winners were: Elena Loginova (Rutgers University), Seo-Young Kwak (BNL-NSLS), Shuguo Ma (BNL- Chemistry), Minhua Shao (Stony Brook University), Jae-Hyuk Her (Stony Brook University), and Ariane Kretlow (Robert Koch Institute, Germany). Each winner received a BNL certificate and a $50 American Express gift certificate. Additionally, the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium gave out two poster prizes of its own. First prize went to Shao, and second prize was awarded to Wen Wen (BNL- Chemistry). During the two days after the main meeting, workshops were held at locations across the Laboratory. They were "Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium: New Opportunities for in-situ XAFS Studies of Nanocatalysis," organized by Simon Bare (UOP) and Anatoly Frenkel (Yeshiva University); "Soft Matter and Biomolecular Materials: X-ray Scat- 3-17 Poster winners (from left) Shuguo Ma, Minhua Shao, Ariane Kretlow, Elena Loginova, Seo-Young Kwak, and Jae-Hyuk Her. tering Enabled by High Brightness Beamlines," organized by Ben Hsiao (Stony Brook University), Lin Yang (BNL-NSLS), Elaine DiMasi (BNL-NSLS), and Ron Pindak (BNL-NSLS); "Nanoscale Cor- relations Heterostructures," organized by Jim Misewich (BNL-Material Sciences) and Tony Heinz (Columbia University); “Chemical and Biological Applications of X-ray Emission Spectroscopy," organized by James Penner-Hahn (University of Michigan) and Trevor Tyson (New Jersey Institute of Technology); "Platforms for the Integration of Biological Systems into Nanomaterials and Interfaces," organized by Oleg Gang (BNL-CFN), Dan- iel Van Der Lelie (BNL-Biology), and Molly Frame (Stony Brook University); and "VUV Radiometry," organized by Jeff Keister (SFA, Inc). — Kay Cordtz and Laura Mgrdichian BOB SWEET, THE 2006 UEC COMMU- NITY SERVICE AWARD RECIPIENT May 16, 2006 For his extraordinary service, the NSLS Users' Executive Committee chose Robert M. Sweet for the UEC Community Service Award. Biological crystallography has emerged as an extremely high-profile research area with synchrotron radiation, and Bob has made numerous contributions to create and sustain a vibrant community of users at the NSLS. Bob is the Principal Investiga- Bob Sweet tor of the Macro- YEAR IN REVIEW
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NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE A
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NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE 2
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NSLS Summer Sunday Draws 650 Visito
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CHAIRMAN'S INTRODUCTION Chi-Chang K
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USERS' EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REPORT C
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SCIENCE AT THE NSLS Kendra Snyder N
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Spin-Lattice Interaction in the Qua
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SOFT CONDENSED MATTER AND BIOPHYSIC
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grows. The magnesium also is attrac
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Chicago, Liangtao Li and Jerry Kapl
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STRUCTURE OF AN E. COLI MEMBRANE PR
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for 15 minutes at 180 °C, a 1 x 2
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Said collaborator Eliot Rosen, a ra
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AT THE NSLS, SCIENTISTS WORKING TOW
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NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLY ENTERS THE FA
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Crystal structure of VCBP3 V1V2 sol
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National Laboratory; and Mati Meron
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X-RAY ANALYSIS METHOD CRACKS THE 'L
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the enzyme and the cofactor binds a
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ticles (Figure 1). The nearest-neig
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is about four times larger. The ver
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Figure 1. Ball model of the UO 2 (1
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of barium sulfate species formed up
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observed in the normal-state of the
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and calculate the contribution to t
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energy gap, responsible for suppres
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20%. Correspondingly, the Fe octahe
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We fit the data in Figure 1 by modi
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of the 1812 RF buckets of the ring
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from the laser, we allow enough tim
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scopic and microscopic characteriza
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suboxic boundary and a concomitant
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intensity of the CaP shoulder (Figu
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effectively combined to elucidate A
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ecomes evident through comparison o
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forming an electrostatic interactio
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promises the possibility of being a
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etween TPP and related compounds is
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Page 89 and 90: Figure 3. In catalysis, this array
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Page 97 and 98: We used x-ray absorption near edge
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Page 117 and 118: space. Its delivery of this materia
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Page 121 and 122: in Farmingville, New York. She inve
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Page 141 and 142: Spotlight Awards The Spotlight awar
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Page 145 and 146: BNL WINS R&D 100 AWARD FOR X-RAY FO
Page 147 and 148: 2005 Hans-Jürgen Engell Prize The
Page 149 and 150: 2006 NSLS TOURS 1/4/2006 Karen Agos
Page 151 and 152: 2006 NSLS SEMINARS 1/11/2006 Interi
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Page 161 and 162: ACCELERATOR DIVISION REPORT James B
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Page 169 and 170: ently the last one available in the
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Page 173 and 174: A new Proposal Oversight Panel (POP
Page 175 and 176: SAFETY REPORT Andrew Ackerman ESH&Q
Page 177 and 178: BUILDING ADMINISTRATION REPORT Bob
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ing were cleaned, repaired, and pai
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FACILITY FACTS & FIGURES The Nation
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Beamline Source Technique Energy Ra
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NSLS BOOSTER PARAMETERS NSLS LINAC
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X-RAY STORAGE RING PARAMETERS AS OF
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PUBLICATIONS
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NSLS USERS Beamline U1A S Buzby, M
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A Nambu, J Graciani, J Rodriguez, Q
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Beamline X1A2 M Feser, B Hornberger
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C Mandel, D Gebauer, H Zhang, L Ton
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Beamline X7A E Anokhina, Y Go, Y Le
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T Moldoveanu, Q Liu, J Tocilj, M Wa
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Beamline X10A A Cisneros, G Mazzant
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S Kamtekar, R Ho, M Cocco, W Li, S
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Z Zhang, P Fenter, S Kelly, J Catal
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E Selvi, Y Ma, R Aksoy, A Ertas, A
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Y Suh, M Carroll, R Levy, G Bisogni
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S Park, E DiMasi, Y Kim, W Han, P W
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G Da, J Lenkart, K Zhao, R Shiekhat
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J Kaste, B Bostick, A Friedland, A
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X Chen, K Tenneti, C Li, Y Bai, R Z
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G Meinke, P Bullock, A Bohm, Crysta
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D Koller, G Ediss, L Mihaly, G Carr
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NSLS Activity Report 2006 - Brookhaven National Laboratory

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