Mexico, DF, June 29, 2005 Secretariat for the Stockholm Convention ...

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UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/INF/8 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Lindane has been addressed in the 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). This is one of the protocols under the convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Lindane (and HCH) is one of the 16 POP chemicals listed in this legally binding Protocol (www.unece.org/env/lrtap/pops_h1.htm). Austria prepared a Technical Review Report on Lindane released in August 2004 responding to the condition stated in the Protocol that all restricted uses of Lindane be reassessed no later than two years after the entry into force of the Protocol (date of entry into force: October 2003). This report can be consulted at http://www.unece.org/env/popsxg/docs/2004/Dossier_Lindane.pdf . Under the LRTAP Protocol, use of Lindane for indoor industrial and residential applications, as well as wood preservation will be terminated by 2006 and lindane containing products for public health use and veterinary uses will be banned by December 31 st 2007 at the latest. The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent also includes lindane indicating that several countries have banned or severely restricted its import and use. The objective of this convention is to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among Parties in the international trade of certain hazardous chemicals in order to protect human health and the environment from potential harm and to contribute to their environmentally sound use, by facilitating information exchange about their characteristics, by providing for a national decision-making process on their import and export and by disseminating these decisions to Parties.( www.pic.int ) The objective of the Stockholm convention is to protect human health and the environment by eliminating or restricting the production, use and release of 12 POP chemicals (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, mirex and toxaphene, hexachlorobenzene, polyclorinated biphenyls, dioxins and furans). The Stockholm Convention also contains a mechanism for adding new chemicals. Any signatory party may propose a new chemical to the list of POPs already included in the Convention as long as the information specified in Annex D is provided. The Stockholm Convention entered into force in May 2004 and Mexico ratified it in February 2003. 1.2 Proposal for adding Lindane to the Stockholm Convention. The present document contains the information detailed in Annex D required to support Mexico’s proposal to include Lindane in the Stockholm Convention. There are various reasons for such proposal. Mexico has been working through the North American Commission on Environmental Cooperation to develop a North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) on lindane ( www.cec.org ). In anticipation of the NARAP, the National Institute of Ecology (INE) published a National Diagnostic Report on Lindane that can be accessed through INE’s webpage http://www.ine.gob.mx/dgicurg/download/Proyectos- 2003/EL_LINDANO_EN_MEXICO.pdf in Spanish. The report, published in 2004, updates statistics on production, imports, exports; identifies commercial names, prices, selling patterns, quantities used and identifies possible alternatives and economic implications. As a result of a broad stakeholder outreach process, Mexico has agreed to eliminate all agricultural, veterinary and pharmaceutical uses of lindane in the country. The Commission of the European Communities presented a proposal for Council Decision concerning proposals for amendments to Annexes A-C of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. In that proposal, the Commission is pointing to the fact that chlordecone, hexabromobifenyl and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, including lindane), which are included in the POPs Protocol to the LRTAP Convention, fulfill the screening criteria laid down in Annex D of the Stockholm Convention and therefore should be added to Annex A in order to protect human health and the environment. 3
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/INF/8 2. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AND SCREENING CRITERIA IN ANNEX D 2.1 Chemical identity Lindane (CAS number 58-89-9) is the common name for the gamma isomer of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). It is one of the 8 isomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6-HCH, chemical formula C 6 H 6 Cl 6 , and has a molecular weight of 290.83 grams. The eight isomers differ in their axial-equatorial positions of the chlorine atoms around the ring (Willet, 1998). The structural formula of lindane is shown in Figure 1. Fig.1. Structural formula of 1,2,3,4,5,6-HCH and gamma-HCH. HCH gamma-HCH Lindane is a white crystalline solid, stable in light, heat, air, carbon dioxide and strong acids. HCH isomers are produced by photochemical chlorination of benzene and result in a product called technical–HCH (CAS number: 608-73-1). Technical-HCH contains mainly five isomers: alpha-HCH (53-70%) (CAS number: 319- 84-6), beta-HCH (3-14%) (CAS number: 319-85-7), gamma-HCH (11-18%), delta-HCH (6-10%) and epsilon-HCH (3-5%). The mixture of isomers was largely used as an inexpensive insecticide, but as the gamma isomer is the only isomer showing strong insecticidal properties, it is purified from the mixture and commercialized under the name lindane. Technical lindane (>99% purity) is obtained by methanol or acetic acid treatment of technical-HCH followed by fractional recrystallization. Trade names of lindane containing products according to FAO include the following: Agrocide Aparasin Arbitex BBH Ben-hex 4
Page 1: UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/INF/8 Secretariat
Page 5 and 6: UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/INF/8 Lindane (γ
Page 7 and 8: UNEP/POPS/POPRC.1/INF/8 References:
Page 9 and 10: Contenido Prólogo ................
Page 11 and 12: CUADROS Y FIGURAS Cuadro 1. Propied
Page 13 and 14: Prólogo El presente documento “E
Page 15 and 16: Aire (t ½ ) ≥ 2 d 2.3 - 13 d 4 a
Page 17 and 18: El paso y translocación del lindan
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Page 45 and 46: *No es un pediculicida ni un escabi
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Page 49 and 50: 2.5 Investigación sobre el indano
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cuadro 30 en el cual se puede aprec
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• Impulsar el desarrollo de estud
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Schwarzenbach, R.P., P.M. Gschawand
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ANEXO B (EN INGLÉS) ALTERNATIVAS P
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Site (last date end-use products le
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Site (last date end-use products le
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ANEXO C MINUTA DE LA REUNIÓN DE TR
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Alberto Rosales de COFEPRIS indicó
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mejorar el Catálogo Oficial de Pla
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Mario Yarto inició la reunión con
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salud, entonces concluyó que no de
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Mexico, DF, June 29, 2005 Secretariat for the Stockholm Convention ...

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