Producción de bionergía en areas rurales. - imida
Producción de bionergía en areas rurales. - imida
Producción de bionergía en areas rurales. - imida
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Relevant characteristics of solid biofuels<br />
Chemical properties<br />
• Carbon (C),<br />
• Hydrog<strong>en</strong> (H),<br />
• Oxyg<strong>en</strong> (O)<br />
• Chlorine (Cl)<br />
• Nitrog<strong>en</strong> (N)<br />
• Sulfur (S)<br />
• Flour (F)<br />
• Potassium (K)<br />
• Sodium (Na)<br />
• Magnesium (Mg)<br />
• Calcium (Ca)<br />
• Phosphor (P)<br />
• Heavy metals (e.g. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr)<br />
Physical properties<br />
• Moisture cont<strong>en</strong>t<br />
• Net calorific value/ gross<br />
calorific value<br />
• Volatiles<br />
• Ash cont<strong>en</strong>t<br />
• Ash melting behavior<br />
• Bulk <strong>de</strong>nsity<br />
• Particle D<strong>en</strong>sity<br />
• Physical dim<strong>en</strong>sion, form,<br />
size distribution<br />
• Abrasion resistance<br />
(for wood pressings)<br />
27<br />
Comparison of differ<strong>en</strong>t solid biofuels and effects on combustion behavior<br />
feedstock sawdust miscanthus rapestraw weathstraw haystraw<br />
Grosscalorificvalue 19,8 17,3 16,2 16,6 16,6<br />
[MJ/kg db ]<br />
Ashcont<strong>en</strong>t[%m db ] highashcont<strong>en</strong>ts10× 0,3 4,6 20× 8,0 8,7 7,4<br />
increasingriskof<br />
Deformation<br />
temperature[°C]<br />
Low<strong>de</strong>formationtemperature<br />
1350 950 (300°C– 600°Cbelowwood)<br />
980 slaggingandfouling<br />
900 950<br />
N[%m db ] 0,13 0,73 0,84 0,48 1,14<br />
increasingofgaseousandPM<br />
S[%m db ] emissions(NO<br />
0,015 0,15 0,27 0,08 x ,SO<br />
0,16<br />
2 ,PM…)<br />
highconc<strong>en</strong>trationsof<br />
S,Cl,N,alkalimetals<br />
Cl[%m db ] 0,005 0,22 0,47 0,19 0,31<br />
corrosionrisk<br />
K[%m db ] 0,13 0,7 0,8 1,0 1,5<br />
wi<strong>de</strong>rangeoffuel<br />
characteristics<br />
combustion<strong>de</strong>sign<br />
andcontroll<br />
28<br />
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