gamosxiveba - Ganatleba

1.4 alfa (α), beta (β) da gama (γ)
gamosxiveba
12
radioaqtiuri elementebis aRmoCenis Semdeg daiwyo gamokvlevebi maTi
gamosxivebis fizikuri bunebis Sesaswavlad. ras warmoadgenda radioaqtiuri
gamosxiveba? iyo Tu ara igi damuxtuli?
klasikuri cda, romliTac dadgenil iqna
radioaqtiuri gamosxivebis rTuli Sedgeniloba,
Caatara gamoCenilma ingliselma
mecnierma ernest rezer for dma (1871γ-sxivebi
1937).
radiumis preparati tyviis naWerSi gake-
Tebul viwro arxis fskerze moaTavses.
β-sxivebi
α-sxivebi
arxis pirdapir ki _ foto firfita.
arxidan gamosuli gamos xiveba gaatares mis
marTobulad mimarTul Zlier eleqtrul
(an mag nitur) velSi (sur. 12.1). mTeli da-
+
–
nadgari moTavsebuli iyo vakuumSi.
roca eleqtruli veli ar iyo, foto -
sur. 12.1
fi rfitaze (ga momJRavnebis Semdeg) zus tad arxis pirdapir ga moCnda erTi
muqi la qa, xolo eleqtrul velSi ko na gaiSala samad. maT daarqves
alfa (α), be ta (β) da gama (γ) gamosxiveba. daak virdiT 12.1 su raTs.
gamosxivebis es sami saxe mkveTrad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan
nivTierebebSi SeRwevis unariT, e. i. imiT, Tu ramdenad intensiurad
STainTqmebian isini sxvadasxva nivTierebebis mier. SeRwevis minimaluri unari
aqvT α-sxivebs. 0,1 mm sisqis qaRaldis fena maTTvis ukve gaumWviria.
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gacilebiT naklebad STainTqmeba nivTierebaSi gavlis dros β-sxivebi.
maT akavebs mxolod ramdenime mm sisqis aluminis firfita. maqsimaluri
SeRwevisunarianobisaa γ-sxivebi. santimetri sisqis tyviis firfitaSi gavlis
dros maTi intensivoba mcirdeba mxolod orjer.
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1. suraTis mixedviT, imsjeleT ra niSnis muxtis
mata rebelia α, β da γ-gamosxiveba.
2. moifiqreT, rogor davadginoT cdiT, rom α-sxivebs
SeRwevis minimaluri unari aqvT? rom maTTvis 0,1 mm
sisqis qaRaldis fena gaumWviria?
3. aRwereT cdebi, romliTac daadgenT moyvanili
faqtebis marTebulobas.
γ-sxivebi TvisebebiT Zalian hgavs rentgenis sxivebs.