gamosxiveba - Ganatleba

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γ-sxivebisa da rentgenis sxivebis Tvisebebis msgavseba gvafiqrebinebs,
rom γ-sxivebi warmoadgens eleqtromagnitur talRebs.
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hipoTeza imis Sesaxeb, rom γ sxivebi eleqtromagnituri talRebia
dadasturda mas Semdeg, rac aRmoaCines γ-sxivebis difraqcia kristalebze
da gazomes maTi talRis sigrZe. igi aRmoCnda rentgenis sxivebze mcire
_ 10 -10 -10 -13 metramde.
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5. ra Tvisebebi unda hqondes γ-sxivebs imisaTvis,
rom davrwmundeT maT talRur bunebaSi?
6. ra adgili uWiravs γ-sxivebs eleqtromagnituri
tal Rebis skalaze?
7. ras udris γ-sxivebis gavrcelebis siCqare vakuumSi?
α da β-sxivebi Tavidanve ganixileboda,
rogorc damuxtuli nawilakebis nakadi
(sur. 13.1). radgan eleqtrul da magnitur
velSi β-sxivebi Zlierad ixrebian, amitom
eqsperimentulad maTi buneba SedarebiT
advilad gamoikvlies. β-sxivebis muxtisa da
masis gazomviT dadgenil iqna, rom isini
eleqtronebis nakadia. isini moZraoben
sinaTlis siCqaris maxlobeli siCqariT.
sur. 13.1
arsebiTia, rom radioaqtiuri elementebis
mier gamosxivebuli β-nawilakebis siCqareebi ar aris erTnairi.
ufro Zneli aRmoCnda α-nawilakebis bunebis gamokvleva.
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4. SeadareT rentgenisa da γ-sxivebis SeRwevisunarianoba
erTmaneTs.
8. Tqveni varaudiT, ratom aRmoCnda α-nawilakebis
bunebis gamokvleva ufro Zneli?
cdebis meSveobiT ernest rezerfordma daadgina, rom α-nawilakebis
siCqare birTvidan gamotyorcnisas ≈ 2 . 107 m/wm-ia, e. i. sinaTlis siCqaris
1/15 nawili. misi muxti ori elementaruli muxtis tolia, xolo masa
TiTqmis oTxjer metia protonis da ≈8000-jer meti eleqtronis masaze.
aseTi muxti da masa aqvs heliumis atomis birTvs (sur. 13.1). magram, maSin
XX saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi atomis birTvi jer ar iyo aRmoCenili.
maSasadame, α-nawilakebi warmoadgens heliumis atombirTvebs.
gavecaniT α, β da γ gamosxivebas da maT Tvisebebs. praqtikul gamoyenebas.
Semdeg gakveTilze gavecnobiT radioaqtiuri gamosxivebis
dadebiT da uaryofiT mxareebs.
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