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FAKTOR RISIKO LINGKUNGAN YANG BERPENGARUH ... - Undip

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6<br />

Postgraduate Program<br />

Diponegoro University<br />

2005<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki<br />

Influencing Environmental Risk Factors to the Occurrence of Severe Leptospirosis<br />

(Case Study in Dr. Kariadi Hospital in Semarang)<br />

xiii + 115 pages + 20 tables + 4 graphics + 5 schemas + 6 enclosures<br />

Background: Leptospirosis is an acute febrile illness infecting human and animal<br />

(zoonosis). In Indonesia, leptospirosis spreads in several provinces and in other<br />

endemic places. Case Fatality Rate of leptospirosis is very high. Semarang city is an<br />

endemic area for leptospirosis with incidence rate 1,2/100.000 and mortality rate of<br />

16,7%.<br />

Objective: To know the environmental risk factors including physical environment,<br />

biological environment, chemical environment, social environment, economic<br />

environment, and cultural environment that influence an occurrence of severe<br />

leptospirosis.<br />

Method: Observational research using case control approach. Number of samples are<br />

63 cases and 63 controls. Cases are severe leptospirosis patients who were admitted<br />

to Dr. Kariadi Hospital, diagnosed clinically, and confirmed by laboratory. Controls<br />

are patients who were admitted to Dr. Kariadi Hospital and diagnosed clinically did<br />

not suffer from severe leptospirosis. Controls did not suffer an infection disease and<br />

admitted on the same day as cases. Data analyzing was performed using univariate,<br />

bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression method.<br />

Result: Physical environment that influenced the occurrence of severe leptospirosis<br />

were an availability of garbage inside a house (OR = 5,1; 95%CI: 1,8-14,7); rainfall ≥<br />

177,5 mm (OR = 5,7; 95%CI: 1,9-17,3); and a distance from a house to a sewer < 2,0<br />

m (OR = 5,3; 95%CI: 1,8-15,7). The biological environmental risk factor that<br />

influenced the occurrence of severe leptospirosis was an availability of rats inside and<br />

outside of the house (OR = 38,7; 95%CI: 7,7-194,4).<br />

Suggestion: In order to reduce a transmission of leptospirosis, it needs to manage<br />

garbage at a house well, to keep clean at a house, to eliminate a rat, and while rainy<br />

season people should avoid contact with stagnant water.<br />

Key Words : Severe Leptospirosis, Environmental Risk Factors, Multivariate<br />

Analysis<br />

Bibliography : 48 (1987-2004)

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