genderuli Tanasworobis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi
genderuli Tanasworobis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi
genderuli Tanasworobis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi
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saqarTvelos neoliberaluri politikis <strong>genderuli</strong> problemebi<br />
mixeil ToqmaziSvili<br />
mamakacebis. kvlevebiT dadasturebulia, rom mraval qveyanaSi Sromis bazris<br />
struqturulma cvlilebebma ganapirobes SromiTi migraciis feminizacia.<br />
1<br />
ganaTlebisa da profesionalizmis maRali done qalebs stimuls aZlevs,<br />
rac SeiZleba naklebad iqnen dakavebuli SromiT ojaxSi. Sromis danawilebis<br />
tradiciuli <strong>genderuli</strong> modeli TandaTanobiT icvleba. qalic<br />
iseve monawileobs ojaxis biujetis formirebaSi, rogorc mamakaci. qalisTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania ara marto finansuri faqtori, aramed moraluric.<br />
qalis saqmianoba mxolod ojaxSi araprestiJuli gaxda. Sromis bazarze<br />
dasaqmebuli qali Tavs ufro komfortulad da damoukideblad<br />
miiCnevs, amitomac SesaZleblobis pirobebSi Sromis bazars irCevs.<br />
saSualo Semosavlebis ojaxebSi qalis reproduqciuli saqmianoba daqiravebul<br />
Sromis Zalam Secvala. ganviTarebuli qveynebSi qalTa umravlesobam<br />
aunazRaurebeli saojaxo Sromidan gadainacvla anazRaurebad<br />
SromaSi, xolo maTi adgili daikava ganviTarebadi qveynebidan Camosulma<br />
SromiTma migrantebma. miuxedavad garkveuli kvalifikaciisa da profesionalizmisa,<br />
gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebidan Camosuli qalebi<br />
dasaqmdnen momsaxurebis infrastruqturis dabal safexurze. maTi umravlesoba<br />
moaxled, momvlelad, damxmare muSad, gamyidvelad da oficiantad<br />
muSaobs. samxreT aziisa da aRmosavleT aziis Tavisufal ekonomikur<br />
zonebSi mTeli samuSaos Zalis 80 % qalia. igi iafi samuSao Zalaa.<br />
maTgan sakmaod didi nawili SromiTi emigrantia da Cabmulia gasarTob<br />
industriaSi, umetesad prostituciaSi. 2<br />
1990-ian wlamde <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> qalTa SromiTi migracia ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
tradiciuli, qarTuli mentalitetisaTvis miuRebeli iyo,<br />
rom qals ojaxi mietovebina da saSovarze Sors wasuliyo. magram arsebulma<br />
realobam, Rrma socialur - ekonomikurma krizisma, cxovrebis donis<br />
dacemam ganapiroba is, rom SromiTi migracia gaxda saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />
fizikuri arsebobis SenarCunebis erT-erTi gza. man dasabami<br />
misca qalTa farTo monawileobas SromiT migraciaSi. SromiT migrantTa<br />
<strong>genderuli</strong> struqtura naTlad gviCvenebs qalTa da mamakacTa xvedriTi<br />
wilis gaTanabrebas am procesebSi.<br />
gamokvleviT dadginda, rom qalebi dasaqmebulni arian momsaxureobis<br />
seqtorSi momvlelebad, aRmzrdelebad, oficiantebad, damlageblebad,<br />
gamyidvelebad da a.S.<br />
qalTa SromiTi migracia gamowveulia mZime socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebiT,<br />
romelic uaryofiT gavlenas axdens ojaxze, demografiul ganviTarebaze.<br />
mamakacebTan SedarebiT qalebs ufro uWirT ojaxidan Sors yofna.<br />
xSiria SemTxveva, roca mcirewlovani Svilebis patroni migranti qalebi<br />
sxvis Svilebs zrdian. sakuTari Svilebi ki samSobloSi axloblebis amara<br />
hyavT datovebuli. maTi wili, visac qmari da Svilebi <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> hyavT,<br />
mTel nakadSi erTi mesamedia, aqedan, Sviliani ki ufro meti.<br />
qalTa SromiTi emigraciis intensiurobis zrdam mniSvnelovnad Secvala<br />
ojaxis struqtura da <strong>genderuli</strong> roluri funqciebi. gaxSirda<br />
1 Castles S., Miller J., The Age of Migration, International Population, Movements to the Modern World, London,<br />
1993;International organization For Migration, Migrant Workers 1999 ,International Migration. IMO: April<br />
2001<br />
2 Becker G.S. ``A Theory of the allocation Time``. The Economic Journal vol.80 Harvard page 15<br />
69
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