qarTuli ena da literatura - Ganatleba
qarTuli ena da literatura - Ganatleba
qarTuli ena da literatura - Ganatleba
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3. teqstis analizi _ gaanalizdeba, kolumbis ra Tvisebebi Cans am teqstSi<br />
(igi Seupovaria, ukan ar ixevs, miiwevs <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznis Sesasruleblad; metismetad<br />
aris TavisTavSi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli _ swored amis gamo <strong>da</strong>uSva Secdoma <strong>da</strong> indoeTis<br />
magivrad amerikis kontinentze aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>); mefe rogor aris <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebuli<br />
(eWviania, aravis endoba, magram xels uwyobs mezRvaurs, radganac mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
qveynebis <strong>da</strong>morCileba surs...), ratom gamouSves am mogzaurobisaTvis cixi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>da</strong>mnaSaveni (es mogzauroba metismetad rTuli <strong>da</strong> mZime iqnebo<strong>da</strong>), ratom aujanydnen<br />
kolumbs mezRvaurebi (mogzauroba did xans gagrZel<strong>da</strong>), ratom ver mixv<strong>da</strong><br />
kolumbi Tavis Secdomas (kargad ver erkveo<strong>da</strong> rukaSi, metismetad sjero<strong>da</strong> Tavisi<br />
Zalebis, mecniereba ar iyo saTanadod ganviTarebuli), ratom moeqcnen Tanamedroveni<br />
kolumbs metismetad mkacrad (man ver gaamarTla maTi molodini, ver<br />
SeZlo indoeTi<strong>da</strong>n Zvirfasi qvebisa <strong>da</strong> oqros Camotana), ra mniSvneloba aqvs TanamedroveobisaTvis<br />
kolumbis aRmoC<strong>ena</strong>s (man pirvelma imogzaura am marSrutiT),<br />
ra moxdebo<strong>da</strong>, Tu kolumbi amerikis nacvlad marTla indoeTs miaRwev<strong>da</strong> (amerikis<br />
kontinents mogvianebiT mainc aRmoaCendnen), ratom <strong>da</strong>erqva `amerikas~ es saxeli<br />
(amerigo vespuCis pativsacemad), kolumbis saxeli ratom ar <strong>da</strong>erqva am qveyanas<br />
(is ise gar<strong>da</strong>icvala, rom Tava<strong>da</strong>c ar uwyo<strong>da</strong> Tavisi aRmoCenis mniSvneloba, ar<br />
icodnen arc misma Tanmedroveebma), rogoria dRevandeli sazogadoebis <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
kolumbisadmi (keTilganwyobili _ mas Zegli <strong>da</strong>udges, misi saxeli<br />
uwodes kontinenets, qveyanas, erT-erT Stats, qalaqs).<br />
sruldeba savarjiSoebi #1, #2, #3.<br />
II. enobriv masalaze <strong>da</strong>kvirveba<br />
ricxviTi saxeli _ moswavleebi ixseneben ricxviTi saxelis raobas, eZeben<br />
teqstSi raodenobiT <strong>da</strong> rigobiT ricxviT saxelebs, ajgufeben, akvirdebian,<br />
rogor aris warmodgenili aq es ricxvebi (sityvebiT Tu cifrebiT), akvirdebian<br />
maT marTlweras. sruldeba <strong>da</strong>valeba #4.<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informacia informacia maswavleblisaTvis: maswavleblisaTvis: cifri cifri _ arabulad niSnavs `nuls~ _ `cariels~,<br />
aris ricxvebis gamomxatveli pirobiTi niSani. yvelaze adreuli iyo ricxvTa sityvieri<br />
Cawera, Tanamedrove cifrebis wina saxe warmoiSva indoeTSi ara ugvianes Zv. welTaR. V saukunisa.<br />
am cifrebis gamoyenebiT ricxvebis Caweris poziciuri sistema swrafad gavrcel<strong>da</strong> sxva qveyneb-<br />
Sic. evropaSi induri cifrebi Semoitanes arabebma X-XIII saukuneebSi. induri cifrebis moxazulobam<br />
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganica<strong>da</strong>. Zvel saqarTveloSi ricxvebis Cawera xdebo<strong>da</strong> anbanis<br />
saSualebiT: anbanis pirveli aTi aso aRniSnav<strong>da</strong> erTeulebs, meore _ aTeulebs, mesame aseulebs,<br />
meoTxe _ aTaseulebs... saqarTveloSi cifrebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevas pirvelad 1103 wels<br />
vxvdebiT bagratis taZris warweraSi.<br />
romauli romauli cifrebi cifrebi _ iyenebdnen romaelebi; savaraudod igi etruskulisgan un<strong>da</strong> momdinareobdes.<br />
romauli cifrebis sistema emyareba specialur aRniSvnebs aTobiTi TanrigebisaTvis (I<br />
_ erTi, X _ aTi, C _ 100, M _ aTasi) <strong>da</strong> maTi naxevrebisaTvis (V _ 5, L _ 50, D _ 500). amasTanve,<br />
Tu didi cifri patara cifris win weria, isini ikribeba: XI=10+1=11; Tu piriqiT, maSin akldeba:<br />
IX=10-1=9. ariTmetikuli operaciebis dros maT iSviaTad iyeneben, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamoiyeneba rigi-<br />
Tobis aRmniSvnelad (sukuneebi, wlebi...).<br />
Sedegebis kodi: IV2, IV4, IV5, IV6, IV8, IV12, IV13.<br />
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