GESTÃO DE FONTES RADIOATIVAS SELADAS ... - Ipen

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(IAEA, 1997b) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (b). International basic safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. Vienna: IAEA, 1997. (Safety Series No. 115.) (IAEA, 1998a) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (a). Safe storage of radiation sources. Disponível em: Acesso em: Oct. 16, 1998. (IAEA, 1998b) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (b). Near surface disposal of radioactive waste. Draft safety requirements. Vienna: IAEA, 1998. (NS 153.) (IAEA, 1998c) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (c). Advisory group meeting on emerging new applications of nucleonic control systems in industry. May 5-8, 1998, Vienna. Report of the Advisory Group Meeting on .... Vienna: IAEA, 1998. (IAEA, 1999a) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (a). Derivation of quantitative acceptance criteria for disposal of radioactive waste to near surface facilities: development and implementation of an approach. Vienna: IAEA, 1999. (Draft Safety Report.) (IAEA, 1999b) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (b). Safety assessment for near surface disposal of radioactive waste - safety guide. Vienna: IAEA, 1999. (Safety Series No. NS-G-1.1.) (IAEA, 1999c) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (c). Near surface disposal of radioactive waste - requirements. Vienna: IAEA. 1999. (Safety Series No. WS-R-1.) (IAEA, 2000) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. Radioactive waste management profdes - a compilation of data from the waste management database. No. 3. Disponível em: Acesso em: May 3, 2000, (IAEA, 2002) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. IAEA Daily Press Review n- 17, February 01. 2002. IAEA. Vienna, 2002. Disponível em: Acesso em: 08 de fevereiro de 2002. (ICRP, 1993) INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION. Protection from potential exposure: a conceptual framework. Oxford: Pergamon, 1993. (ICRP Publication 64) (ICRP, 1998) INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION. Radiological protection policy for the disposal of radioactive waste. Oxford: Pergamon, 1998. (ICRP Publication 77.) (ICRP, 2000) INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION. Radiation protection recommendations as applied to the disposal of long-lived solid radioactive waste Oxford: Elsevier, 2000. (ICRP Publication No. 81.) v. . (INEL, 1994) IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY. Greater-thanclass C low-level radioactive waste characterization - estimated volumes, radionuclide activities, and other characteristics Idaho Falls: INEL, 1994. 722 p. (D0E/LLW-114-Rev. 1).
(IGOMASA, 1999) IGOMASA, W.S. Comunicação pessoal. São Paulo, 1999. (ISO, 1980) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. Sealed radioactive source - classification : Geneva, Switzerland, 1980 (ISO 2919). (ISO, 1992) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. Radiation protection - sealed radioactive sources - leakage test methods : Geneva, Switzerland, 1992 (ISO 9978). (ISO, 1994) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. Sealed radioactive sources - general. Geneva, 1994 (ISO 1677). (KELLY, 1997) KELLY, N.E. Federal foot-dragging on radioactive scrap. Newsteel, [S.l.], Dec. 1997 1997. http://www.newsteel.com/features/ArchivedArticles.asp. Acesso em: Oct. 23,2001. (KERR, 1997) KERR, T.A. A comparision on cross-reference of commercial low-level radioactive waste acceptance criteria [S.l.]: United States Department of Energy, 1997 (DOE/LLW-239). (KIVISÀKK, 1995) KIVISÃKK, E. Radioactive source adrift. SSI helps Estonian authorities. SSI News, v. 1, n. 3, p. 1-3, 1995. (KOZAK et al., 1999) KOZAK, M.W.; STENHOUSE, J.H.; BLERK, J.J. VAN; HEARD, R.G. Borehole disposal of spent sources. Volume II. Initial safety assessment and evalutaion of the disposal concept Pretoria: Atomic Energy Corporation, 1999 (GEA-1353). (LAAO, 1995) LOS ALAMOS AREA OFFICE. Environmental assessment - radioactive source recovery program. Washington: United States Department of Energy, 1995 (DOE-EA-1059). (LANL, 2001) LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY. Order form for isotopes. Disponível em: Acesso em: 23 Out. 2001. (LEE e SHINGLETON, 1996) LEE, D.W.; SHINGLETON, K.L. Radioactive sealed source reasonable accountability, exemption, and licencing ativity thresholds - a technical basis. New Mexico: Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1996 (LA-UR~96-2132). (LUBENAU e YUSKO, 1995) LUBENAU, J.O.; YUSKO, J.G. Radioactive materials in recycled metals. Health Physics, v. 68, n. 4, p. 440-451, 1995 (LYMAN, 1961) LYMAN, T. Metals handbook. 8th ed. Metals Park: American Society for Metals, 1961. v. 1. (MIRANDA e VICENTE, 1999) MIRANDA, L.E.T.; VICENTE. R. Processos para a gestão dos pára-raios radioativos no Brasil. São Paulo: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 1999. (MIRANDA, 2000) MIRANDA, L.E.T. Comunicação pessoal. São Paulo, 2000. (MORALES e GRÁVALOS, 1993) MORALES, A.; GRÁVALOS, J.M. Acceptance criteria for waste packages at El Cabril Repository Waste Quality Verification Laboratory. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION, Sept. 5-11, 1993, Praga. Proceedings. Vol. 3. New York: American Society Mechanical Engineers., 1993. p. 841-847. Ul
Page 1 and 2:
ipen AUTARQUIA ASSOCIADA À UNIVERS
Page 3 and 4:
A minha mulher e aos meus filhos
Page 5 and 6:
GESTÃO DE FONTES RADIOATIVAS SELAD
Page 7 and 8:
SUMÁRIO Página 1. INTRODUÇÃO 1
Page 9 and 10:
Tabela 2.1 - Tabela 2.2 - Tabela 2.
Page 11 and 12:
Figura 4.12 - Dose potencial da ina
Page 13 and 14:
Esses dois aspectos das fontes radi
Page 15 and 16:
Essa base ética necessária à ges
Page 17 and 18:
1.4 - Objetivos do presente trabalh
Page 19 and 20:
2. DIMENSÃO DO PROBLEMA O inventá
Page 21 and 22:
Tabela 2.1 - Radionuclídeos, geome
Page 23 and 24:
Tabela 2.2 - Resumo do inventário
Page 25 and 26:
Tabela 2.3 - Aplicações correntes
Page 27 and 28:
3. DESTINAÇÃO DAS FONTES RETIRADA
Page 29 and 30:
Quanto à reciclagem, em algims pa
Page 31 and 32:
solução definitiva. No Brasil, as
Page 33 and 34:
epositório moderno para a deposiç
Page 35 and 36:
plutonio gerado nos programas de re
Page 37 and 38:
• depositar as fontes nos reposit
Page 39 and 40:
4. CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO INVENTÁRIO B
Page 41 and 42:
Exemplos de critérios de aceitaç
Page 43 and 44:
concentrada em um volume que pode s
Page 45 and 46:
) Critérios de proteção radioló
Page 47 and 48:
deteraiinação das probabilidades
Page 49 and 50:
Por isso, o sistema de deposição
Page 51 and 52:
considerada otimista para o valor 3
Page 53 and 54:
Utilizadas para calcular as doses p
Page 55 and 56:
1,E+00 ^,E•o^ 1.E-02 Ul 1.E-03 ^,
Page 57 and 58:
f 1,E+03 1,E+02 1,E+01 E+OO a. lU 1
Page 59 and 60:
S3. 1,E+08 - 1,E+05 1,E+02 1,E-01 1
Page 61 and 62:
4.7 - Derivação dos critérios qu
Page 63 and 64:
Tabela 4.3 - Atividade máxima das
Page 65 and 66:
Tabela 4.5 - Atividade máxima das
Page 67 and 68:
Tabela 4.7 - Fontes seladas do inve
Page 69 and 70:
Tabela 4.9 - Fontes seladas do inve
Page 71 and 72:
volume reduzido. Isso faz com que s
Page 73 and 74:
O diâmetro da perfuração foi def
Page 75 and 76:
FLUIDO DE BOMBEAMENTO LAMA DE PERFU
Page 77 and 78:
^102 volume total apar.: - 8,4 dm3
Page 79 and 80: A linha 3 corresponde à colocaçã
Page 81 and 82: A torre de guincho é instalada em
Page 83 and 84: Em vista desses fatos, a definiçã
Page 85 and 86: fontes de suas blindagens originais
Page 87 and 88: epositorio proposto tem essa vantag
Page 89 and 90: Adotou-se como estimativa do custo
Page 91 and 92: desincentivar a sua utilização na
Page 93 and 94: Este critério foi incoqjorado no c
Page 95 and 96: O repositorio do tipo poço tubular
Page 97 and 98: B-3) O meio geológico deve ter est
Page 99 and 100: O repositório proposto tem um dese
Page 101 and 102: D-1) Os rejeitos devem ser sólidos
Page 103 and 104: condições normais de operação.
Page 105 and 106: 7. CONCLUSÕES As fontes seladas re
Page 107 and 108: 8. SUGESTÃO PARA FUTUROS TRABALHOS
Page 109 and 110: 16. Avaliar as possíveis condiçõ
Page 111 and 112: dados, de alguns registros ambíguo
Page 113 and 114: Tabela A.3 - Fontes típicas inclu
Page 115 and 116: 137 Cs Tabela A.5 - Fontes típicas
Page 117 and 118: 241 Am Descrição volume médio (c
Page 119 and 120: Tabela A.9 - Fontes típicas inclu
Page 121 and 122: Tabela A. 11 - Fontes típicas incl
Page 123 and 124: 1,E*15 1.E + 13 1 ,E*07 I.EtOS I.E'
Page 125 and 126: 2. Classificação dos rejeitos de
Page 127 and 128: REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS (ACTIV
Page 129: (HOLUB 1993) HOLUB, J. The institut
Page 133 and 134: (SKAGIUS, 1992) SKAGIUS, K. The int
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