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Abstract
Methods of Remote Sensing Within the National Inventory
of Contaminated Sites (NIKM) Project
(examples of the use of remote sensing for solving environmental
issues in the Czech Republic)
Based on the example of raster platform elaborated
within the project National Inventory of Contaminated
Sites (NIKM), benefits and pitfalls of using Remote Sensing
(RS) methods are demonstrated. Within the frame
of the NIKM project have been collected numerous findings
on the use of RS, which can be used to address
other environmental issues. This publication describes
the procedures for interpreting information from a comparison
of current and historical orthophotomaps, satellite
spectral data interpretation methods, examples
of verified site localisation and object identification and
examples of GIS based statistical evaluation of surveyed
issues.
The book is intended for professionals from the Ministry
of the Environment and departmental organisations,
professional public, non-governmental environmental
organisations, universities and other educational and
training organisations, consulting firms and other parties
interested in the use of RS methods.
The application of RS methods within the NIKM project
deliver the fulfillment of the objectives of the NIKM
project (the search for yet unrecorded potentially contaminated
sites) the routine tool for the inventory work
(interpretation aerial photomap) and also the development
of a methodology of aerial and satellite spectral
data interpretation.
Within the framework of the project there have been
observed four directions of applicability of remote sensing
in the identification of contaminated sites regarding
the use and type of data and processing methods
for monitoring:
1) A unified methodology for the visual interpretation
of the current colour orthophoto was compiled,
based on visual interpretation procedures (selection
based on texture, structure, colour, context, etc.)
and significant deployments of multi-spectral colour
synthesis of satellite Landsat 7 ETM+ data. A signature
catalog was also created.
2) A uniform methodology for the multi-temporal
analysis of historical and current orthophotos was
deve loped, which in addition to the described procedures
of visual interpretation is based on the use
of a change detection analyser as a basis for multitemporal
analysis.
3) A technological procedure of multispectral data elaboration
was created, which is based on a process of
supervised classification, on methodology for test
area selection, on analysis of feature space, on submethodologies
of selecting a suitable supervised
classifier and on the verification of the classification
process.
4) The foundations of a methodology for processing hyperspectral
data were set. Above all it was described
as a comparative analysis of spectral curves measured
using hyperspectral sensors on aerial and satellite
carriers, with laboratory and field measured spectral
curves stored in the NIKM Spectral Library. The tools
used for hyperspectral analysis were described.
Other methods and techniques of information from
the RS (geo-statistics etc.) evaluation are the back bone
for both the inventory project design and planning, management,
monitoring, control and evaluation of the
effectiveness of inventory work, and also for the reporting
and publicity of the results from the inventory.
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