dc

Let m n
where T
The error signal is
e
e
n mn mqn
1
qn
sgn(
en
)
qn mqn
1 eqn
m nis
m
where
s
m(
nT
q
)
, n 0, 1,
2,
is the sampling period and m(
nT ) is a sample of
the quantizer output , e
the quantized version of e
s
n
(3.52)
(3.53)
(3.54)
q
n
is
, and is the step size
s
m(
t).
The modulator consists of a comparator, a quantizer, and an accumulator
The output of the accumulator is
m
q
n
n
n
i1
i1
e
sgn( e i )
q
i
(3.55)