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• The tails of hI(t) decay as 1/|t|2, which is a faster rate of decay than 1/|t| encountered in the ideal Nyquist channel. • Let represent the estimate of the original pulse ak as conceived by the receiver at time t=kTb • Decision feedback : technique of using a stored estimate of the previous symbol • Propagate : drawback, once error are made, they tend to propagate through the output • Precoding : practical means of avoiding the error propagation phenomenon before the duobinary coding d k b k d k1 d k symbol 1 if either symbol bk or dk 1 is 1 symbol 0 otherwise 1 • {dk} is applied to a pulse-amplitude modulator, producing a corresponding two-level sequence of short pulse {ak}, where +1 or –1 as before c k a k a k c k 0 2 if data symbol b is1 if data symbol b is 0 k k • |ck|=1 : random guess in favor of symbol 1 or 0 • |ck|=1 : random guess in favor of symbol 1 or 0
Modified Duo-binary Signaling : • Nonzero at the origin : undesirable • Subtracting amplitude-modulated pulses spaced 2Tb second c k a k a k1 H ( f ) H ( f )[1 exp( j4 fT )] IV Nyquist b 2 jH ( f )sin(2 fT )exp( j2 fT ) Nyquist b b H IV ( f) 2 j sin(2 fTb )exp( j2 fTb ), | f | 1/ 2Tb 0, elsewhere sin( / ) sin[ ( 2 ) / ] h IV () t t T t T T t / T ( t 2 T ) / T b b b b b b
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DC COURSE FILE
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GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Convolution Codes: Encoding, decodi
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III. To inculcate positive attitude
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7. Importance of the course and how
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DC 12: Compute the power and bandwi
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10. Course mapping with PEO’s and
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13.Micro plan : Sl. no Unit No. Tot
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14.Detailed Notes UNIT 1 : Elements
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A communication system may transmit
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the wavelength is extremely long, m
Page 25 and 26: asic elements of digital communicat
Page 27 and 28: 4. Channel introduced many types of
Page 29 and 30: 5. Bandwidth is another scarce reso
Page 35 and 36: Pulse Code Modulation ‣ PCM gener
Page 37: 77777333333333333333333333333333333
Page 40 and 41: • The most common technique for s
Page 42 and 43: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) : • P
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3.11 Illustration of the qua
Page 46 and 47: Quantization (nonuniform quantizer)
Page 48 and 49: Time-Division Multiplexing(TDM):
Page 50 and 51: Let m n where T The error signal is
Page 52 and 53: 3. Simplify receiver design Because
Page 54 and 55: Figure 3.27 Block diagram illustrat
Page 56 and 57: Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Mo
Page 59 and 60: ASK, OOK, MASK: • The amplitude (
Page 61 and 62: Frequency Shift Keying: • One fre
Page 63 and 64: s t Acos 2f ct 3 Acos 2f
Page 65 and 66: QAM and QPR: • QAM is a combinati
Page 67 and 68: Generation and Detection of Coheren
Page 69 and 70: Figure 6.29 Signal-space diagram fo
Page 72 and 73: UNIT 3 Base Band Transmission And O
Page 76 and 77: • precoding d b d k k k2 symbol 1
Page 78 and 79: h( t) N 1 n w n sin c t T b
Page 80 and 81: • Equalization : to compensate fo
Page 82 and 83: e n y n 2E en 2E en 2Eenxnk
Page 84 and 85: - Flexibility - Same H/W may be tim
Page 86 and 87: Interpretation of Eye Diagram:
Page 88 and 89: The set of source symbols is called
Page 90 and 91: We will usually neglect to mention
Page 92 and 93: Note that if Condition1 is satisfie
Page 94 and 95: where dmin is the minimum Hamming d
Page 96 and 97: Linear Block Codes - example 1: •
Page 98 and 99: • S null can be represented by it
Page 100 and 101: G 1 0 I | P 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Page 102 and 103: • Compared with the systematic co
Page 104 and 105: Convolutional Codes ◊ The encoder
Page 106 and 107: Convolution Codes ‣ Encoding, ‣
Page 108 and 109: x m m ''' j j 2 j Here each messa
Page 110: Representing convolutional codes: C
Page 113 and 114: - encoder state diagram for (n,k,L)
Page 115 and 116: • For this reason the non-survive
Page 117 and 118: sequence is 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (why?). N
Page 119 and 120: Error Correction: • If there is n
Page 121 and 122: correct:1+1+2+2+2=8;8 ( 0.11) 0.88
Page 123 and 124: Motivation: Performance of Turbo Co
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Performance as a Function of Number
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General Model of Spread Spectrum Sy
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Slow and Fast FHSS: • Frequency s
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- 10 bit spreading code spreads sig
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Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Usi
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15.Additional Topics: Voice coders
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'Toll Quality' voice coders, such a
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The well-known Shannon-Hartley law
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its for a known permutation of the
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16. Question papers: B. Tech III Ye
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e received code word 110110. Commen
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17. Question Bank 1. (a) State and
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21. A Discrete Memory less Source (
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19. Unit wise Bits CHOOSE THE CORRE
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(d) 5 Answers 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6
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(b) its capacity gets doubled (c) i
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(d) 6 5. The cascade of two binary
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CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The mi
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2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.
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(b) H(X/Y)=1bit/message (c) H(X,Y)=
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(d) log m bits/symbol 6. Theencoder
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3. .Under error free reception, the
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10.B Code No: 56026 Set No. 1 JAWAH
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code No: 56026 Set No. 2 JAWAHARLAL
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B) (Power required)/( Minimum Band
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A) 5 B) 4 C) 2 D) 3 3. Which of the
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Code No: 56026 Set No. 2 JAWAHARLAL
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A) maximum when the source is conti
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Code No: 56026 :2: Set No. 4 II Fil
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Code No: 07A5EC09 Set No. 2 JAWAHAR
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Cont…..2 Code No: 07A5EC09 :2: Se
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8) For the data word 1110 in a (7,
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a) 0 bits b) 1 bit c) 2 bits d) inf
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a) increase with its certainty of o
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Code No: 07A5EC09 :2: Set No.4 10)
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Amplitude of 1v.This speech signal
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. Self Information c. Logarithmic m
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75. What are the advantages and dis
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22. Discussion Topics: Data transmi
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Applications and history Data (main
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o o Mesh network Wireless network A
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25. STUDENTS LIST B.TECH III YEAR I
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48 13R11A04L3 M SAI KUMAR 49 14R18A
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Group 8: 36 13R11A04K1 POLISETTY VE
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Unit 2 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation :
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Unit 3 Differential Pulse-Code Modu
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MISSING TOPICS UNIT 1 Hartley's law
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encoding the desired information an
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• f c denotes center frequency
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An interleaver installed between th
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Subject Contents 1.7. 1. Synopsis p
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