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Figure 3.27 Block diagram illustrating the linear adaptive prediction process Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (DPCM): Usually PCM has the sampling rate higher than the Nyquist rate .The encode signal contains redundant information. DPCM can efficiently remove this redundancy. Figure 3.28 DPCM system. (a) Transmitter. (b) Receiver. Input signal to the quantizer is defined by:
e n mn mˆ n is a mˆ n The quantizer output is e q n en qn qnis where The prediction filter input is m q n mˆ n en qn m q Processing Gain: 2 where 2 where prediction From (3.74) The (SNR) (SNR) M (SNR) E (SNR) Processing Gain, value. (3.74) (3.75) quantizati on error. (3.77) mn n mn qn (3.78) of the DPCM systemis 2 and o o o 2 M 2 Q 2 M ( 2 G 2 E )( ) 2 (SNR) G (3.79) (3.80) Design a prediction filter to maximize is the variance of the predictions error and the signal - to - quantizati on noise ratio is Q p Q are variances of m n E 2 E 2 Q p Q Q (3.81) (3.82) 2 M 2 E ( E[ m[ n]] 0) and q G p 2 (minimize ) E n
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DC COURSE FILE
Page 3 and 4: GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Page 5 and 6: Convolution Codes: Encoding, decodi
Page 7 and 8: III. To inculcate positive attitude
Page 9 and 10: 7. Importance of the course and how
Page 11 and 12: DC 12: Compute the power and bandwi
Page 13 and 14: 10. Course mapping with PEO’s and
Page 15 and 16: 13.Micro plan : Sl. no Unit No. Tot
Page 17 and 18: 14.Detailed Notes UNIT 1 : Elements
Page 19 and 20: A communication system may transmit
Page 21: the wavelength is extremely long, m
Page 25 and 26: asic elements of digital communicat
Page 27 and 28: 4. Channel introduced many types of
Page 29 and 30: 5. Bandwidth is another scarce reso
Page 35 and 36: Pulse Code Modulation ‣ PCM gener
Page 37: 77777333333333333333333333333333333
Page 40 and 41: • The most common technique for s
Page 42 and 43: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) : • P
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3.11 Illustration of the qua
Page 46 and 47: Quantization (nonuniform quantizer)
Page 48 and 49: Time-Division Multiplexing(TDM):
Page 50 and 51: Let m n where T The error signal is
Page 52 and 53: 3. Simplify receiver design Because
Page 56 and 57: Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Mo
Page 59 and 60: ASK, OOK, MASK: • The amplitude (
Page 61 and 62: Frequency Shift Keying: • One fre
Page 63 and 64: s t Acos 2f ct 3 Acos 2f
Page 65 and 66: QAM and QPR: • QAM is a combinati
Page 67 and 68: Generation and Detection of Coheren
Page 69 and 70: Figure 6.29 Signal-space diagram fo
Page 72 and 73: UNIT 3 Base Band Transmission And O
Page 74 and 75: • The tails of hI(t) decay as 1/|
Page 76 and 77: • precoding d b d k k k2 symbol 1
Page 78 and 79: h( t) N 1 n w n sin c t T b
Page 80 and 81: • Equalization : to compensate fo
Page 82 and 83: e n y n 2E en 2E en 2Eenxnk
Page 84 and 85: - Flexibility - Same H/W may be tim
Page 86 and 87: Interpretation of Eye Diagram:
Page 88 and 89: The set of source symbols is called
Page 90 and 91: We will usually neglect to mention
Page 92 and 93: Note that if Condition1 is satisfie
Page 94 and 95: where dmin is the minimum Hamming d
Page 96 and 97: Linear Block Codes - example 1: •
Page 98 and 99: • S null can be represented by it
Page 100 and 101: G 1 0 I | P 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Page 102 and 103: • Compared with the systematic co
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Convolutional Codes ◊ The encoder
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Convolution Codes ‣ Encoding, ‣
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x m m ''' j j 2 j Here each messa
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Representing convolutional codes: C
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- encoder state diagram for (n,k,L)
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• For this reason the non-survive
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sequence is 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (why?). N
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Error Correction: • If there is n
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correct:1+1+2+2+2=8;8 ( 0.11) 0.88
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Motivation: Performance of Turbo Co
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Performance as a Function of Number
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General Model of Spread Spectrum Sy
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Slow and Fast FHSS: • Frequency s
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- 10 bit spreading code spreads sig
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Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Usi
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15.Additional Topics: Voice coders
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'Toll Quality' voice coders, such a
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The well-known Shannon-Hartley law
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its for a known permutation of the
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16. Question papers: B. Tech III Ye
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e received code word 110110. Commen
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17. Question Bank 1. (a) State and
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21. A Discrete Memory less Source (
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19. Unit wise Bits CHOOSE THE CORRE
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(d) 5 Answers 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6
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(b) its capacity gets doubled (c) i
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(d) 6 5. The cascade of two binary
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CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1. The mi
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2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.
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(b) H(X/Y)=1bit/message (c) H(X,Y)=
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(d) log m bits/symbol 6. Theencoder
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3. .Under error free reception, the
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10.B Code No: 56026 Set No. 1 JAWAH
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code No: 56026 Set No. 2 JAWAHARLAL
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B) (Power required)/( Minimum Band
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A) 5 B) 4 C) 2 D) 3 3. Which of the
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Code No: 56026 Set No. 2 JAWAHARLAL
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A) maximum when the source is conti
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Code No: 56026 :2: Set No. 4 II Fil
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Code No: 07A5EC09 Set No. 2 JAWAHAR
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Cont…..2 Code No: 07A5EC09 :2: Se
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8) For the data word 1110 in a (7,
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a) 0 bits b) 1 bit c) 2 bits d) inf
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a) increase with its certainty of o
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Code No: 07A5EC09 :2: Set No.4 10)
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Amplitude of 1v.This speech signal
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. Self Information c. Logarithmic m
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75. What are the advantages and dis
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22. Discussion Topics: Data transmi
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Applications and history Data (main
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o o Mesh network Wireless network A
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25. STUDENTS LIST B.TECH III YEAR I
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48 13R11A04L3 M SAI KUMAR 49 14R18A
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Group 8: 36 13R11A04K1 POLISETTY VE
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Unit 2 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation :
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Unit 3 Differential Pulse-Code Modu
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MISSING TOPICS UNIT 1 Hartley's law
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encoding the desired information an
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• f c denotes center frequency
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An interleaver installed between th
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Subject Contents 1.7. 1. Synopsis p
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