Migration in Burundi: History, Current Trends and Future - MGSoG ...

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marked lack of information documenting different aspects of remittance volumes and their utilization for home country development within the particular context of Burundi. Moreover, there is limited data on actual migration flows (immigration and emigration) between Burundi and the Netherlands. These relate to a lack of official documentation of Burundi migration and development policies as well as a lack of previous studies on Burundi diaspora in the Netherlands. This paper would thus largely provide the background analysis from which further studies on migration and development in Burundi and it relationships with the Netherlands could be pursued. 10
2. General Country Profile Burundi is a small, landlocked country in the Central African Great Lakes Region. Its neighbouring countries are Rwanda to the North, Tanzania to the Southeast, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the West. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world (World Bank, 2009a) and has known many violent civil conflicts over the course of its history. This has resulted in large migration flows. To fully grasp the underlying causes of Burundi’s history of migration, it is important to look at Burundi’s economic, political, and social history. This section will provide a general overview of current and historic events and structures in Burundi in terms of its population, culture and ethnicity, economic situation, political situation, health, and history of conflict. 2.1 Population With a surface area of 27.9 thousand square kilometres, and a population of 8.5 million people in 2007, Burundi is densely populated. The annual growth of the population in Burundi is estimated to be 2.8 percent in the period 2005 to 2010 (UN, 2008). Total average fertility rate in those years are expected to be 4.66 (ibid.) Burundi’s population is therefore expected to grow fast in the coming years. Within Sub-Saharan Africa the youth population as a share of total population is high and rising (World Bank, 2008b). This is also the case for Burundi: 66 percent of Burundi’s population is between zero and 24 years old (World Bank, 2008b). Almost 94 percent of the youth (aged 18 or below) lives in rural areas. Employment levels are higher for adults than for the youth in Burundi: 95.8 percent of adult Burundians are employed while only 70.4 percent of their younger counterparts work. In addition, young urban people are more likely to be unemployed than their rural cohorts. More than 70 percent of all youth are literate but 25.6 percent do not attend school (World Bank, 2009b). Education levels are low in Burundi. Only 36 percent of Burundi’s children complete primary school compared to an average of 60 percent for the Sub-Saharan Africa region in total (World Bank, 2008b). In 2000 a report presented by International Alert (Jackson, 2000) stated that most Burundian children did not receive formal education, and that boys had higher chances of receiving both primary and secondary education than girls. Another study found that urban youth are more likely to attend school than rural youth: 57 percent of urban youth attend while only 23 percent of rural children do (Garcia & Fares, 2007). The low quality level of education in Burundi is mainly a consequence of Burundi’s history of conflict. The 1993 civil war destroyed the 11
Page 1 and 2: Migration in Burundi: History, Curr
Page 3 and 4: Content Abbreviations..............
Page 5 and 6: Abbreviations ABASA Burundi African
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 1: Ethnic Dist
Page 9: country is just beginning to recove
Page 13 and 14: 2.3 Colonial history Together with
Page 15 and 16: with donor assistance and low level
Page 17 and 18: Table 4 shows, the 1993 war, which
Page 19 and 20: In terms of diseases, malaria and t
Page 21 and 22: Zaire. In the late 1990s, however,
Page 23 and 24: ecognized internationally (Rwamatwa
Page 25 and 26: 4. Current Migration Patterns This
Page 27 and 28: the West of Tanzania, and 300,000 w
Page 29 and 30: government and several internationa
Page 31 and 32: 5. Burundian Diaspora in the Nether
Page 33 and 34: Map 2: Number of Returnees per Prov
Page 35 and 36: According CBS 14 figures there were
Page 37 and 38: (Gemeente) that an asylum seeker sh
Page 39 and 40: immigration. The transitional exper
Page 41 and 42: Burundians in the Netherlands exhib
Page 43 and 44: live in the Organisation for Econom
Page 45 and 46: 6.3 Remittances 39 Given the relati
Page 47 and 48: service providers and agents and ar
Page 49 and 50: and engagement is intended to bridg
Page 51 and 52: 7. Policies Regarding Migration Mig
Page 53 and 54: Coherence for Development (PCD) in
Page 55 and 56: collaboration between the Burundian
Page 57 and 58: whereby highly-educated foreign nat
Page 59 and 60: 9. Future Perspectives on Burundian
Page 61 and 62:
10. Conclusion Diaspora The Burundi
Page 63 and 64:
References Adamson, F. (2006). Cros
Page 65 and 66:
Garcia, M. & Fares, J. (2007). Yout
Page 67 and 68:
MFA 2009. Available via Accessed 3
Page 69 and 70:
Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa. Wo
Page 71 and 72:
Appendix I. Burundi Diaspora organi
Page 73 and 74:
- Participate in the peace process
Page 75:
Appendix II Commonly used terms for
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