Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public

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Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11617.html APPENDIX C 339 Insomnia A prolonged and usually abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep that may result in sleepiness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. Interleukin Compounds of low molecular weight that chiefly function in immune system regulation and cell-mediated immunity. K award Career development awards offered by the NIH to assist new investigators at stages beyond postdoctoral training in order to become independent scientists. Support for the awards is limited to one 3- to 5year term and is usually restricted to one mentored career award per individual. K01 award Mentored Research Scientist Development Award. Provides salary and fringe benefits for awardees for career development experience. K02 award Independent Scientist Award. Provides up to 5 years of salary and fringe benefit support for newly independent scientists. K05 award Senior Scientist Award. Provides salary and fringe benefit support for outstanding scientists to enhance skills in their research field. K07 award Academic Career Award. Provides up to 5 years of funding to develop or improve curricula changes that emphasize development and leadership skills of scientists. K08 award Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award. Provides salary and fringe benefit support for the development of clinician research scientists. K12 award Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Program Award. Provides support to an educational institution for career development experiences for clinicians leading to research independence. K23 award Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award. Provides salary and fringe benefit support for the development of patient-oriented research scientists. K24 award Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research. Provides salary and fringe benefit support to allow protected time for patient-oriented research and time to act as mentors for beginning clinical investigators. K25 award Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award. Provides salary and fringe benefit support for career development for scientists with quantitative and engineering backgrounds to foster interdisciplinary collaboration in biomedical research. K-complex Negative sharp waves followed immediately by slower positive component; sleep spindles may ride on K-complexes. May occur in response to sound or spontaneously but may be distinguished from background activity on the EEG. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11617.html 340 SLEEP DISORDERS AND SLEEP DEPRIVATION Kleine-Levin syndrome Characterized by recurrent episodes of dramatic hypersomnia lasting from 2 days to several weeks. These episodes are associated with behavioral and cognitive abnormalities, binge eating or hypersexuality, and alternate with long asymptomatic periods that last months to years. Leptin A peptide hormone produced by fat cells and involved in the regulation of body weight by acting on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite and burn fat stored in connective tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) A type of diagnostic imaging technique that relies on the interactions of magnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation with body tissues. Melatonin A vertebrate hormone that has been linked to circadian rhythm regulation, is derived from serotonin, and is secreted by the pineal gland especially in response to darkness. Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) A test that objectively quantifies daytime sleepiness. Myoclonic epilepsy Epilepsy characterized by myoclonic seizures, which involve brief and involuntary contractions of a muscle. Narcolepsy A chronic neurological condition marked by transient attacks of deep sleep, with symptoms of cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep disruption, and sleep paralysis. Nares The pair of openings of the nose. Nightmare disorder Recurrent nightmares that are coherent dream sequences and manifest as disturbing mental experiences, generally occurring during REM sleep. Night terrors One type of disorder of arousal associated with NREM sleep. Typically initiated by a loud scream associated with panic, followed by intense motor activity, which can result in injury. Nocturnal groaning Characterized by disruptive groaning that occurs during expiration, particularly during the second half of night. Also known as catathrenia. Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) A state of deep, usually dreamless, sleep that occurs regularly during a normal period of sleep with intervening periods of REM sleep and is characterized by delta waves and a low level of autonomic physiological activity—called also non- REM sleep or slow-wave sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by recurrent interruption of breathing during sleep due to upper airway obstruction caused by sleep-related loss of upper airway muscle tone or anatomical obstruction of the upper airway. Also called obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. P01 grant Federally supported research program project grant that is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and that funds as many as Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public

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