~-.~JiVIi~ s«M .

-11-
SinilarlY . .a .en wre quest:a^ed ahwt me mm°er of Murs a day tneY
Md oeen exmmed to the siroke of otlrrs in the past 5 and 25 years .
it wss foud that wwm . sarried to ssokars of 40 or sore
c_garet[es per day ned an cdds ratio of 1 .99 1951 Qa :1 .13-3 .501 as
crnpsrel to ttcse nrrried to narsd:ea . If half that asoimt of
ei4arettes .es smoked a= 1xme, the adis ratio was estiarted to be 2 .1!
1951C.:1 .13-1 .951 . 5ladlarly, an increased risk wm foond for chme
„rnm netried to sen %s:c lad san :ed for 20-29 years (OR - 2 .21 . tut,
mamerraSly . sot for t1c .e ssesid to ndasra of snre than 30 yesrs .
fb incsea .ie of risk vas foud to be dependent ae the :sster of
e:pcauTe-•Iqors 1n th last five md 25 years .
tsiny logistic rnqresstan teciniquss, a scdel w fitted to tie
stody data . The arasal incloded tesss for possibie m+fouders and,
ser.ral m: timroos tim variables repcesentL :g
espon:re. M lnaeese in
roos risk with inceastrg espaeore ess foord for the nuMer of cigarettes
srioloed by the Isnbsnd at hmr . 71LLs tzad .as statistiully
signi!iavn at ths 0 .05 leuel .
7Te study by GarfiNul et. al . attepted to tadcle sase of t-he
aethcdololical pmol" ptesent in t
.4e forsez ttodies as passive
s :mlci0y, ;fie authors .rre socce-tsfal in pottinq tagethez a sirnble
5co,p of cases Nro •r-te emfiraed neuer-s:mcers asd .t:ose diaqnesis
wes nistolo3ically eesfircwd . Yheir assessrcnt af espoaute .as net
1lmito:l to the ab:e derived fras the sus6n .'+ds' moki .-:u but ineluded
_'at . .e~perunc~d at the
.otbite and a_hei areas. !b.er:ul
s :atistacnl tec`nid:+rf (logistic reqressioe) .ere used to ane! ;ze che
9e'n, ord~v+g results c^u'-armt
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dsk94c00/pdf
.ria t~e f :ni .iins of c~e tw :.:xr
-12-
mejQ rcudies on this tcpic . It seme, t.he[efore, that the onay
aspr of the sndy rhat ooold have affected the resolrs is tnat ~hics
is acst diffialt to esaluste : tte reliahili-y of the data oollected
thras7h the iMerv~ . fven efo:rp7 tle ilR.erviwwia .nse n¢:asedly
blins in relard to tla i:ypetleai, of the study and the casrJantaol
stetos of the paRScipsta . the psrtidpeKe tlrmelves varo anre of
ehsr awf oonditioa . In Nis altuatiu: tte posaihiiity of
o`TnePorci+9 by the mses mt be porne in mird . Ildaitionally
lntentieaa of surrogate respes :dents msy Ie" affeRed the reliability
of the informstlos about the esaaeure variable . In fact, lAeoel (31)
has slo .el that Carfinlat'a eeMyrtaa of tLS addm ratios vary
muiderably aocolding to the type of s.apvdsrt. Bs foud that ih
odis ratio . for lug canmr ra 3 .51 19ls Q. : 0 .Ba-15 .281 in qr
nsHrnw !n'hidh the sesP+de:na sere elttAr a dayMer oc a aon of
the stidy subjecv . In the w :bgotq in Mddh tle lsobnd providsd
inforaetiom on the elpwn¢e he foud that the odds ratio w 0 .17
195sM : 0 .56-1 .06 . 1W finally, in tas wbgto:p of cases wte repecead
a6wrt thel.r o.e espeau[e, the cdds ratio . .s estiaated to be 0 .e1 (95%
Q. : 0.5e-1 .301 .
At tM ssie t=se that this teport 4as beiml p.epsred, twu
additiwl epidesioloqic studies olaiauq tne existen,, of a .odente
effer of passi•'e smd .Lq m lueq essoer riab rese published . The
first of the.e .as also eond.Red in Jap.n 132/ . It is a oex- oont.ml
stuty, hut, as Yas tiue of its prede¢lor, it r :eMes use of a cefiRt
i .zit.ally defined for .roCyr pocp:ae (rh study of the effecr.s of
atcmic radiation in 4i_-oaai . :~ atd %~Yasaici sun•ivoa•s) in ont' r_o