Rural Income Generation and Diversification - A Case Study ... - Doria

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132 References Abdulai, A. & CroleRees, A. 2001. Determinants of Income Diversification amongst Rural Households in Southern Mali. Food Policy 26(4): 437-452. Alwang, J., Siegel, P.B. & Jorgensen, S. L. 1996. Seeking Guidelines for Poverty Reduction in Zambia. World Development 24(11): 1711-1724. Bangwe, L.M. 1997. Agricultural Change under Structural Adjustment and Other Chocks in Monze District, Zambia. Centre for Development Studies. University of Bath. UK. Available at: www.bath.ac.uk/~hssjgc/lewis1.html Bardhan, P. & Udry, C. 1999. Development Microeconomics. Oxford University Press. UK. Barnum, H.N. & Squire, L. 1979. An Econometric Application of the Theory of the Farm- Household. Journal of Development Economics 6: 79-102. Barrett, C.B., Reardon, T. & Webb, P. 2001a. Nonfarm Income Diversification and Household Livelihood Strategies in Rural Africa: Concepts, Dynamics, and Policy Implications. Food Policy 26(4): 315-331. Barrett, C.B., Bezuneh, M. & Aboud, A. 2001b. Income Diversification, Poverty Traps and Policy Shocks in Côte d’Ivoire and Kenya. Food Policy 26(4): 367-384. Becker, G.S. 1965. A Theory of the Allocation of Time. The Economic Journal 75: 493-517. Behrman, J.R. & Oliver R. 2000. Basic Economic Models and Econometric Tools. In: Grosh, M. & Glewwe, P. (eds.) 2000. Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries. Lessons from 15 years of the Living Standards Measurement Study. Vol. I-III. The World Bank. Washington D.C. Berdegúe, J.A., Ramirez, E., Reardon, T. & Escobar, G. 2001. Rural Nonfarm Employment and Incomes in Chile. World Development, 29(3): 411-425. Berhanu, W., Colman, D. & Fayissa, B. 2007. Diversification and Livelihood Sustainability in a Semi-Arid Environment: A Case Study from Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Development Studies 43(5): 871-889. Bigsten, A. & Tengstam, S. 2008. Smallholder Income Diversification in Zambia: The Way Out of Poverty? Food Security Research Project Working Paper No. 31. Available at: www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/index.htm
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Page 1 and 2:
Kaisa Karttunen Rural Income Genera
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University of Helsinki Department o
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CONTENTS 1. Introduction ..........
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Table 6. Percentages of income from
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WFP World Food Programme WHO World
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12 man 2002). These include income-
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14 The following questions were for
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16 of household comsumption is also
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18 Zambian farmers fall into three
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20 impact on rural poverty. Startin
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22 1992 consumer and transportatio
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24 The Government of Zambia (GRZ) i
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26 inadequate monitoring of the act
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28 Distributor Scheme was fully in
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30 as tobacco and cotton the out-gr
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32 households were directly afflict
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34 If it had no control over the m
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36 According to the AHM, a househol
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icultural economy was opened up to
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Similar concerns were shared by Tay
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order to reduce income variablity.
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of infrastructure development, the
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which implies that diversification
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Haggblade et al. (2002) argue that
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In many cases the processing of the
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4.9 Rural income diversification in
Page 55 and 56:
Table 3. Rural income-diversificati
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1990s - made the farmers reluctant
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In addition to asset endowments and
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5.1.2 The 2003 dataset The second s
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clarifying some concepts and assess
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5.2 Methods The theoretical grounds
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able random variables not explicitl
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Incshare 25 or Inclevel 26 = β0 +
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5.2.4 Choosing the estimation metho
Page 74 and 75:
74 Both cash and in-kind income wer
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76 Share of income 100 90 80 70 60
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78 The households considered market
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80 The proportion of income generat
Page 82 and 83: 82 The seasonality effect was clear
Page 84 and 85: 84 Since a lack of money was given
Page 86 and 87: 86 % of income 100 90 80 70 60 50 4
Page 88 and 89: 88 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 90 and 91: 90 6.1.7 Grouping households accord
Page 92 and 93: 92 number of adult members, was cri
Page 94 and 95: 94 more likely to use fertilisers a
Page 96 and 97: 96 holds. According to the responde
Page 98 and 99: 98 The following process was follow
Page 100 and 101: 100 6.1.9 The results of the econom
Page 102 and 103: 102 The categorisation of household
Page 104 and 105: 104 Table 20. Determinants of the s
Page 106 and 107: 106 In some cases the former househ
Page 108 and 109: 108 indicated thus an opposite tren
Page 110 and 111: 110 The Simpson diversification ind
Page 112 and 113: 112 tares - the difference being st
Page 114 and 115: 114 which brought more purchasing p
Page 116 and 117: 116 diversification index. Block an
Page 118 and 119: 118 evidence that households had no
Page 120 and 121: 120 such as piecework and forest la
Page 122 and 123: 122 7.2 Changes in the households b
Page 124 and 125: 124 lower soil fertility, and the l
Page 126 and 127: 126 8. Conclusions and recommendati
Page 128 and 129: 128 Rural non-farm activities are l
Page 130 and 131: 130 Politiikkamuutosten seurauksena
Page 134 and 135: 134 CSO. 1997. Living Conditions Mo
Page 136 and 137: 136 Ellis, F., Kutengele, M. & Nyas
Page 138 and 139: 138 Heltberg, R. (mimeo) 2001. Comm
Page 140 and 141: 140 Lanjouw, J.O. & Lanjouw, P. 200
Page 142 and 143: 142 Ruotsi, J., Lindberg, O., Seger
Page 144 and 145: 144 Zulu, B., Nijhoff, J.J., Jayne,
Page 146 and 147: 146 Annex 2. The theoretical framew
Page 148 and 149: 148 1,050 millimetres, while in the
Page 150 and 151: 150 Annex 4. Schedule of the field
Page 152 and 153: 152 Annex 5. Three household cases
Page 154 and 155: 154 In the 1970s and 1980s, and eve
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