WAR IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD

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THE UBIQUITOUS WAR Figure 1.2 Athenian honorary decree for Euphron of Sikyon, an ally of the Athenians in their wars for freedom against the Macedonians (323–18 BC). The relief shows Demos (the personification of the people) on the one side and Euphron, in military attire, standing in front of his horse, on the other. Athens National Museum (courtesy of the Museum). 4
THE UBIQUITOUS WAR 1.2. The Frequency of Wars To narrate the history of Hellenistic wars would mean covering the history of the entire Hellenistic period, and this is well beyond the scope of this book. Even to compile a list of the wars which were fought between 322 and 31 BC, and of the regions which were affected by these wars, is beyond the possibilities of a modern historian. Almost all the works of Hellenistic historians have been lost (see chapter 11, section 2), and what survives directly (fragments of Polybios, Diodoros, and Poseidonios), and indirectly in later historiography – for example, in Livy (late first century BC), in Appian (early second century AD), and in Plutarch’s Lives (late first/early second century AD) – only allows a partial reconstruction of the “great wars.” The focus on these major wars, in which usually more than two states were involved, often results in our overlooking the far more numerous regional and local conflicts, territorial disputes, civil wars, revolts of indigenous populations or mercenary soldiers, and invasions of barbarian tribes. In a conference of the Hellenic Alliance in Korinth in the spring of 219 BC, under the presidency of Philip V, the allies brought forth accusations against the Aitolians (Polyb. 4.25.2–5; Austin 1981: no. 58). They had plundered in peace-time the sanctuary of Athena Itonia in Boiotia, attempted to sack Ambrysos and Daulion in Phokis, ravaged Epeiros, and attacked Thyrreion in Akarnania at night. In the Peloponnese, they had seized Klarion on the territory of Megalopolis, ravaged the territory of Patrai and Pharai in Achaia, sacked Kynetha, plundered the temple of Artemis at Lousoi, besieged Kleitor, and attacked Pylos by sea and Megalopolis by land. All these were recent wars that had occured shortly before the summer of 220 BC, and all had taken place in the narrow geographical region in which the interests of the Hellenic Alliance were concentrated. Rather than summarizing the political history of the Hellenistic world (see pp. xvii–xx), I will attempt to give an impression of the frequency of wars by focusing on four selected areas, which seem more or less representative and are certainly well documented: a kingdom (Antigonid Macedonia); a major city state (Athens); a “middle power” in the Aegean (Rhodes); and an island on the periphery of the Greek world (Crete). (Readers who do not wish to be confronted with dates and names and are willing to accept my general statement concerning the frequency of wars may skip the following section.) Counting wars in Antigonid Macedonia Antigonos the One-Eyed, the founder of the dynasty of the Antigonids, who ruled over the kingdom of Macedonia and its external possessions, aquired the title of king after a military victory during one of the Wars of the Successors (307/6 BC). He lost his kingdom and his life at the Battle of 5
Page 1: WAR IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD A Soci
Page 4 and 5: Ancient World at War The books in t
Page 6 and 7: © 2005 by Angelos Chaniotis BLACKW
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS List of Figures x List of
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS 11 The Memory of War 214 1
Page 13 and 14: MAPS Map 1. The Hellenistic World x
Page 15 and 16: ABBREVIATIONS 1. Ancient authors Ap
Page 17 and 18: ABBREVIATIONS IOSPE: B. Latysev, In
Page 19 and 20: TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS 334-324 C
Page 21 and 22: TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS 221-219 W
Page 23 and 24: PREFACE One of the best experts on
Page 25 and 26: PREFACE Athens), Maria Akamati (Dep
Page 27 and 28: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR 1 THE UBIQUITOUS
Page 29: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR Figure 1.1 Silve
Page 33 and 34: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR Counting wars in
Page 35 and 36: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR Third Punic War
Page 37 and 38: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR Cretan mercenari
Page 39 and 40: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR dispute concerni
Page 41 and 42: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR was the most imp
Page 43 and 44: THE UBIQUITOUS WAR Looking for the
Page 45 and 46: BETWEEN CIVIC DUTIES AND OLIGARCHIC
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THE AGE OF WAR: FIGHTING YOUNG MEN
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WAR AND THE IDEOLOGY OF HELLENISTIC
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WAR AS A PROFESSION: OFFICERS, TRAI
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MASCULINE WARRIORS, DEFENSELESS WOM
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ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HELLENISTIC WAR
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131 Eleutherna Sybrita Matalon Eleu
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THE EFFECTS OF HELLENISTIC WARS ON
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR After Aribazos
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR In a similar m
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR The city of Ap
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR such reports a
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR The Athenians,
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR The representa
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR had already be
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR won by the spe
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR [paraspasameno
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR turning on the
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THE DISCOURSE OF WAR made for the a
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AESTHETICS OF WAR 10 AESTHETICS OF
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AESTHETICS OF WAR have been ubiquit
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AESTHETICS OF WAR historiography of
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AESTHETICS OF WAR Akira Kurosawa. P
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AESTHETICS OF WAR figures, were sho
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AESTHETICS OF WAR majority of the A
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AESTHETICS OF WAR Figure 10.2 Funer
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AESTHETICS OF WAR Figure 10.4 Statu
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AESTHETICS OF WAR Figure 10.5 The g
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AESTHETICS OF WAR (Smith 1991: fig.
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AESTHETICS OF WAR her identity and
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AESTHETICS OF WAR troops, inviting
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AESTHETICS OF WAR 14, fig. 9. Battl
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THE MEMORY OF WAR reading of histor
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THE MEMORY OF WAR 11.2. War in Hell
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THE MEMORY OF WAR kings, but also o
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THE MEMORY OF WAR He was not alone
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THE MEMORY OF WAR Aristotle the phi
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THE MEMORY OF WAR words to standard
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THE MEMORY OF WAR had returned to E
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THE MEMORY OF WAR war heroes buried
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THE MEMORY OF WAR praise victory in
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THE MEMORY OF WAR the anniversary o
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THE MEMORY OF WAR If trophies celeb
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THE MEMORY OF WAR Philon of Byzanti
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THE MEMORY OF WAR Epitaphia, the ep
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THE MEMORY OF WAR Epidauros (see ch
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THE MEMORY OF WAR period emphasized
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HOW WAR SHAPED THE HELLENISTIC WORL
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200 km Kibyra Tabai Laodikeia Hiera
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Badian, E. (1972) Publ
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Borchardt, J. and Stan
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Chaniotis, A. (1991b)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY de Callataÿ, F. (2000
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Furley, W. D. and J. M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Habicht, Chr. (1970) G
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Jones, C. P. and Habic
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Loots, L., Waelkens, M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Mittag, P. F. (2000) D
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Pugliese Carratelli, G
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Rumscheid, F. (1999) M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Thériault, G. (1996)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Wheeler, E. L. (1984)
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Amphipolis, Macedonia, 94, 123 Amph
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Daimachos, tactician, 98 Dardanians
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Karthaia, Keos, 90 Kassandros, king
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Naousa, Macedonia, 206 Naupaktos, L
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Sarapis, Egyptian god, 96, 151-2, 1
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acclamation, 62-3, 75 admiral, 65 a
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crown, crowning, 38, 52, 69, 87, 94
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idealization, 192 identity, 25, 52,
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ace, 51; of armed men, 50; see also
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urial, cenotaph, grave, war memoria
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peripolion (fort), 28 peripolos (pa
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Aristeides 21: 229 Brutus 30-1: 199
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I.Perge 12: 35, 97, 207; 14: 37; 23
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Allie
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WAR IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD

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