Producing Quality Oat Hay

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<strong>Hay</strong> for export Over the past five years (1999/00 to 2004/05) Australia has exported an average of 500 000 tonnes of cereal hay each year (Figure 3.2); exports increased annually during this period. The majority of these exports are oat hay of which 40 to 50% is for the premium, dairy market. The remainder is sold into mid to low quality markets, primarily purchased for beef production and dry cow feed. Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the Middle East are currently Australia’s major markets for export hay and straw. This market is dominated by Japan that buys at least 85% of the cereal hay exported from Australia each year (Figure 3.3). These markets have several common factors that drive the importation of high quality forage; a market to which Australia is a relative newcomer. These factors are: • large populations, a large proportion of which has a substantial disposable income; • insufficient land to produce enough quality feed to meet demand; • governments that wish to increase the level of self sufficiency in dairy and meat production. Figure 3.2 Australian hay and straw exports 2001 to 2005 – source Australian Bureau of Statistics. PRODUCING QUALITY OAT HAY Image 3.1 For export, bales are repacked into high density bales approximately 500mm square and each weighing 50kg. At the time of writing the USA and Canada are Australia’s main competitors in the export hay market. These countries produce premium hay products from Timothy, Alfalfa (lucerne) and Sudan grass. They also produce lower quality hay from ryegrass and fescue (Figure 3.4). From the perspective of the Australian producer, the export hay market and consequently hay price is driven by: • supply from Australia and of competitive products from overseas; • hay quality; • the value of the Australian dollar on the exchange markets; • competition from the domestic market. 19
Figure 3.3 Australian cereal hay exports by destination - source Australian Bureau of Statistics. The Japanese market The Japanese market buys on price and quality. It is looking for forage with high intake qualities. About 80% of hay goes to the dairy market and the majority of cows are hand fed. In 2005 there were 1.75 million dairy cows in Japan. Herd size and the use of mechanised feeding of Total Mixed Rations (TMR) are increasing; this is resulting in a growing demand for hay where fine stems are less essential for high quality. Figure 3.4 Japanese imports of baled hay and straw products - source Japanese Quarantine records. 20 PRODUCING QUALITY OAT HAY
Page 1 and 2: Producing Quality Oat Hay
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements Authors Pamela Zwe
Page 5 and 6: The oat hay year planner Between cr
Page 7 and 8: Zadoks Stage Growth Code Activity C
Page 10 and 11: Foreword Growing Oat Hay was first
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1 Why grow oat hay? Growing
Page 14 and 15: Table 1.1 Gross margin in dollars p
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 2 Is oat hay a viable choic
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 3 What the market wants? Do
Page 22 and 23: Figure 3.5 Overview of the Australi
Page 24 and 25: Objective measurement and chemical
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 4 Disease of oats A wide ra
Page 28 and 29: Leaf and stem diseases - fungi Stem
Page 30 and 31: Septoria Leaf Blotch, Septoria aven
Page 32 and 33: Leaf and stem diseases - bacteria F
Page 34 and 35: Root Diseases - nematodes Nematodes
Page 36 and 37: Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus
Page 38 and 39: Take-all, Gaeumannomyces graminis v
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 5 Variety selection for hay
Page 42 and 43: Swan Swan is a tall mid season vari
Page 44 and 45: Seed purchased for sowing to produc
Page 46: Table 5.4a Agronomic and hay qualit
Page 49 and 50: Herbicide residues Some herbicide r
Page 51 and 52: Higher plant populations produce hi
Page 53 and 54: Figure 6.1a Sown round and round -
Page 55 and 56: oadcast or deep banded at seeding.
Page 57 and 58: Weed control Impact on hay quality
Page 59 and 60: Image 6.8 Pre seeding weed control
Page 61 and 62: Insect control Oat hay crops are da
Page 63 and 64: 62 PRODUCING QUALITY OAT HAY Figure
Page 65 and 66: Ripe grain in hay is undesirable to
Page 67 and 68: Plants leaning at different angles
Page 69 and 70: Curing For every one tonne of hay b
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 7.4 The impact of rainfall a
Page 73 and 74:
Image 7.7 The windrow before (L) an
Page 75 and 76:
Testing moisture content A moisture
Page 77 and 78:
Handling can be easier if the bale
Page 80 and 81:
Chapter 8 Storage and transport Hay
Page 82 and 83:
Time line Spontaneous fires in stac
Page 84 and 85:
side of the vehicle to the other, w
Page 86:
Producing Quality Oat Hay The marke
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Producing Quality Oat Hay

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