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side of the vehicle to the other, while fore-aft<br />
(or longitudinal) load shift brings about a change<br />
in load distribution between axle groups, which<br />
can affect roll stability and braking performance.<br />
A commonly accepted threshold for safe lateral<br />
load shift is 100mm. Research conducted by<br />
Roaduser Systems Ltd and funded by RIRDC,<br />
showed that the maximum lateral movement for<br />
all of the properly restrained loads tested is less<br />
than 100mm. The load shift at the centre-ofgravity<br />
is less than 50mm, which represents a<br />
movement of around 3% of the axle track width.<br />
Longitudinally, this equates to an effective<br />
centre-of-gravity shift of around 300mm based<br />
on trailer wheelbase.<br />
This research also found that there are small<br />
but worthwhile benefits gained by using more<br />
effective load restraint methods such as<br />
double-strapping or “double-dogging” of<br />
single straps (one load binder on each side of<br />
the load for a single strap).<br />
It was found that the use of a diagonal bracing<br />
strap provided an enormous improvement on<br />
load stability. The research recommends that<br />
diagonal bracing straps are used for securing all<br />
groups of bales on a semi-trailer, two per group<br />
of bales, at opposing angles (Image 8.4).<br />
Fore-aft load restraint is sufficient when bales<br />
are restrained by two individual straps, each<br />
tensioned at one end by an under-floor winch.<br />
The straps should be placed at an angle to the<br />
vertical (except for the foremost and rearmost<br />
straps, and straps on bales running across the<br />
bed of the trailer). This method satisfies both<br />
lateral and fore-aft load restraint requirements.<br />
PRODUCING QUALITY OAT HAY<br />
Information in this section is based on research<br />
by Roaduser Systems Pty Ltd executed on behalf<br />
of RIRDC. The full report references are:<br />
Di Cristoforo, R. & Sweatman, P.F. (2003),<br />
Testing and simulation of hay bale loading on<br />
semi-trailers, Rural Industries Research and<br />
Development Corporation Publication<br />
03/120 Project ROA-1A.<br />
Di Cristoforo, R. & Sweatman, P.F. (2004),<br />
Further testing and simulation of hay bale<br />
loading on semi-trailers, Rural Industries<br />
Research and Development Corporation<br />
Publication 04/124 Project ROA-2A.<br />
Image 8.4 Fore-aft load restraint is<br />
sufficient when bales are restrained by<br />
two individual straps, each tensioned at<br />
one end by an under-floor winch. The<br />
straps should be placed at an angle to<br />
the vertical except for the foremost and<br />
rearmost straps, and straps on bales<br />
running across the bed of the trailer –<br />
source Roaduser Systems Pty. Ltd.<br />
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