Producing Quality Oat Hay

Bale formation
Poorly made bales will collapse resulting in
handling difficulties and wastage. Balers must be
set-up to produce dense bales and twine should
be matched to bale densities as bales with broken
strings are unacceptable to the market. The
increasing trend towards net wrap for round bales
helps overcome this problem. Matching the
width of the windrow and bale pick-up helps in
the production of evenly shaped bales.
Image 7.8 Well made, dense square bales retain their
shape which is crucial for ease of transport and storage.
For large square bales, hay is picked up and fed
by finger tines into the accumulation chamber.
The aim is to maintain the uniformity and density
of hay in the accumulation chamber, so that it
packs evenly into the bale chamber. Slower
ground speeds result in the hay being more
densely packed in the accumulation chamber,
which can help overall bale density.
PRODUCING QUALITY OAT HAY
When the accumulation chamber is full the hay is
discharged into the bale chamber as a distinct
wad or biscuit of hay. For well formed dense
8’x4’x4’ bales, successful baler operators indicate
setting machines to produce 38 to 40 of these
wads per bale, while other industry participants
suggest 32 is satisfactory. Any less and the bale
can lack density and be poorly shaped. Any more
exerts excess pressure on strings, increasing the
chance of breakage.
If hay is baled too dry it has lower density in the
accumulation chamber and does not retain its
shape in the bale chamber. This can result in
poorly shaped, light bales with excess pressure on
strings. Innovations such as the use of metal
wedges in the bale chamber, extended bale
chambers or water sprayed on to the sides of
the bale in the chamber to increase the friction
between the bale and the chamber, allow the
baling of drier hay or baling when atmospheric
conditions would normally stop baling.
If hay is too damp it feeds unevenly and creates
areas of high density. Excess moisture can
not be released from the bale and wet patches
can occur.
Square bales can be discharged directly from the
rear of the baler or can be turned 90 degrees
(Image 7.10) so when discharged the bale rests on
the cut side, rather than on the strings. This
offers the advantage that the less dense part of
the bale, which dries more quickly, is exposed to
soil moisture and rain. If this face is damaged by
moisture it can be removed by a guillotine.
Image 7.9
Balers fitted with water
tanks to spray water on
to the sides of the bale
in the chamber allows
drier hay to be baled.
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