Pakistan-India Trade:

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Additional Trade Challenges: Transport, Transit, and Non-Tariff Barriers math of politically sensitive events. Indeed, the heightened talks initiated in April 2011 leading to the MFN breakthrough were possible because the seeds for change had already been laid in the last few years, therefore making it possible to take bigger and bolder measures. India and Pakistan are now in the thick of transitioning to normal trade relations. This paper makes an attempt to assess the ground covered so far, the challenges that remain, and the trade opportunities that are likely to open up as the two countries normalize trade ties. On the basis of this analysis, the paper also lays out a roadmap for future measures. Trade Trends Bilateral trade between India and Pakistan increased more than 10 times between 2000 and 2010. Total trade between the two countries was $2.5 billion in 2010, of which India’s exports to Pakistan were $2.2 billion and imports were $0.3 billion. Despite the positive list maintained by Pakistan, India has always had a trade surplus with Pakistan. India’s trade balance as a proportion of its total trade with Pakistan increased from 40 to 80 percent between 2000 and 2010. India’s top 10 exports to Pakistan at the six-digit classification of items accounted for 67 percent of India’s total exports to Pakistan in 2010. The top commodities exported from India to Pakistan that year included sugar, cotton, fabric, and organic chemicals. Sugar alone accounted for 24 percent of exports. Dates are the most important item being imported from Pakistan, accounting for 18 percent of total imports in 2010. India’s top 10 imports from Pakistan at the six-digit level accounted for 63 percent of its total imports from Pakistan in 2010. Other items in the top 10 imports included cement, woven fabrics of cotton, petroleum oil, organic chemicals, and plastic (see Table 1). Trade PossiBiliTies The still-restrictive trade regime and the presence of large informal trade flows indicate that there is a huge untapped trade potential between India and Pakistan. There are items that the two countries can import from each | 77 |
Nisha Taneja Table 1: india’s Top 10 exports to and imports from Pakistan ($ Millions) Product Code 170199 520100 540710 170111 Product description exports Cane/beet sugar & chemically pure Cotton, not carded/ combed Woven polyester fabric Cane sugar, raw, in solid form Product Code | 78 | Product description imports 458 080410 Dates, fresh/dried 44 300 252329 232 271019 290243 p-Xylene 124 291736 230400 071320 Oil-cake & other solid residues Chickpeas (garbanzos), dried, shell Portland cement (excl. white cement) Petroleum oils & oils 28 26 142 290315 1,2-Dichloroethane 12 76 283620 57 780110 290241 o-Xylene 42 520932 540754 999999 Oven printed polyester fabric Commodities not specified 29 390120 28 390110 Terephthalic acid & its salts Disodium carbonate Unwrought lead, refined Woven fabrics of cotton Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.9 Polyethylene having a specific gravity
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