north american native orchid journal - at The Culture Sheet

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Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE Corallorhiza maculata (Rafinesque) Rafinesque var. occidentalis (Lindley) Ames western spotted coralroot forma aurea P.M. Brown–golden yellow/spotted form forma immaculata (Peck) Howell–yellow spotless form forma intermedia Farwell–brown-stemmed form forma punicea (Bartholomew) Weatherby & Adams–red-stemmed form Range: British Columbia east to Newfoundland, south to California, Arizona, New Mexico, Minnesota, New England and Virginia In the White Mountains region: rare to occasional throughout, usually in open mixed woodlands Plant: terrestrial, mycotrophic, 20-50 cm tall; stems bronzy-tan or, in the forma immaculata, yellow or, in the forma intermedia, the stems brown or, in the forma punicea, the stems strikingly deep red Leaves: none Flowers: 5-20+; tepals typically colored bronzy-tan as the stems or, in the forma intermedia, the stems brown or, in the forma punicea, the stems strikingly deep red with the lip spotted in purple or dark red, in the forma immaculata, yellow to white the lip lacking all spotting; lip with the middle lobe expanded, the sides obviously broadened; individual flowers 5.0-7.5 mm, the floral parts wide spreading, mentum obscure Habitat: rich mesic and mixed forests Flowering period: late May to July The common name western spotted coralroot is somewhat misleading as this variety extends eastward through the Great Lakes region to Newfoundland and south, sparingly, to West Virginia. Northward both the nominate variety and var. occidentalis may occur in the same woodlands and are usually well separated in flowering time. The broad lip easily separates var. occidenttalis from the straightside lip of var. maculata. 210
Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willdenow) Nuttall var. odontorhiza autumn coralroot forma flavida Wherry–yellow-flowered form Range: South Dakota east to Maine, south to Oklahoma and northern Florida In the White Mountains region: very rare and known only from a single location in Carroll Co., NH Plant: terrestrial, mycotrophic, 5-10 cm tall; stems bronzy-green or, in the forma flavida, yellow Leaves: lacking Flowers: 5-12; cleistogamous; sepals green suffused with purple, covering the petals; lip, rarely evident in this variety, white spotted with purple or, in the forma flavida, unspotted; individual flower size 3-4 mm Habitat: rich, often calcareous, woodlands Flowering period: September-October The fact that this inconspicuous little orchid is rarely found may be attributed more to its size and habit than necessarily to its rarity. The autumn coralroot appears to be never common anywhere and is usually found by accident. The short stems often flower among the fallen leaves in the autumn months and the coloration, sans chlorophyll, makes them even harder to see. The single location in the White Mts. is most remarkable as it occurs in what appears to be an ordinary oak/maple woodland and is exceptionally large with over 300 plants in 2009. Plants with open flowers and expanded lips may be the var. pringlei. 211
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