north american native orchid journal - at The Culture Sheet

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Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE Goodyera repens (Linnaeus) R. Brown lesser rattlesnake orchis forma ophioides (Fernald) P.M. Brown–white veined leaf form Range: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to Wyoming, south in the Rocky and Appalachian Mts.; northern Eurasia In the White Mountains region: very rare and local Plant: terrestrial, 5-23 cm tall Leaves: 3-6; in a basal rosette, dark green or, in the forma ophioides, marked with silver veining, ovate, 0.5-2.0 cm wide × 1.0-4.0 cm long Flowers: 10-20; in a loosely flowered, spiraled - often one-sided - terminal raceme; white, pubescent; dorsal sepal and petals forming a hood over the rounded lip, lateral sepals often reflexed; individual flower size 2 × 3(4) mm Habitat: mixed and deciduous woodlands; sphagnum woodlands Flowering period: July-August Goodyera repens, the tiniest of the rattlesnake orchises, is the only North American species to be found in Eurasia as well. The small rosettes of the nominate variety are nearly plain with little or no contrasting veining. This is what is seen throughout most of the range in Europe and Asia and rarely seen in northernmost North America. The forma ophioides, with the beautiful silver veining on the leaves, is the form most frequently seen through most of North America. Plants can be quite variable in the degree of veining. Fernald described this form as var. ophioides but as it passes into var. repens northward (especially in Canada) it is best treated as a form. left: typical leaves above: possible hybrid with G. tesselata 222
Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE Goodyera tesselata Loddiges checkered rattlesnake orchis Range: Manitoba east to Newfoundland, south to Minnesota and Maryland In the White Mountains region: local to occasional throughout Plant: terrestrial, 15-35 cm tall Leaves: 4-8; in a basal rosette, dull bluish-green, finely reticulated with slender white markings, elliptic-lanceolate, 1.0-2.5 cm wide × 2.0-8.0 cm long Flowers: 10-40; in a loosely flowered spiral - usually one-side - terminal raceme; white, copiously pubescent; dorsal sepal and petals lanceolate and forming a hood over the short, rounded lip; individual flower size 3 × 4 mm Habitat: mixed and deciduous woodlands Flowering period: July-August The checkered rattlesnake orchis occupies an interesting position among the four species of Goodyera found in North America. Plants appearing to be hybrids between G. tesselata and G. pubescens have a striking resemblance to G. oblongifolia and are responsible for several erroneous Eastern records of the latter species. Goodyera tesselata does appear to readily backcross with G. repens resulting in plants that often challenge (and frustrate) the observer. 223
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