north american native orchid journal - at The Culture Sheet

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Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE POGONIA is a small genus of only 3 species, and is found in both Asia and North America. Formerly the genus included those species, among others, that are now treated in Triphora, Isotria, and Cleistesiopsis, although some current authors are again including Isotria and Cleistesiopsis. Pogonia ophioglossoides Ker-Gawler rose pogonia; snakemouth orchid forma albiflora Rand & Redfield–white-flowered form Range: Manitoba east to Newfoundland, south to Texas and Florida In the White Mountains region: very rare Plant: terrestrial, 8-35 cm tall Leaves: 1, rarely 2; cauline, ovate, placed midway on the stem, 6-10 × 2 cm Flowers: 1-3 (4) terminal; subtended by a foliaceous bract; sepals and petals similar, lanceolate to obovate; the sepals wide spreading; lip spatulate with a deeply fringed margin and bright yellow beard or, in the forma brachypogon the beard reduced to a few knobs, to 2 cm; perianth from light to dark, rosy-pink or lavender or, in the forma albiflora, pure white; individual flower size ca. 4 cm Habitat: moist meadows, open bogs and heaths, roadside ditches, and sphagnous seeps Flowering period: late June to early August From Newfoundland to Florida and westward to the Mississippi Valley, this little jewel adorns open bogs and meadows, roadside ditches, borrow pits, and sphagnous seeps. Color and form varies greatly from colony to colony. It is not unusual to find plants with the petals and sepals very narrow and, within the same colony, individuals with the sepals and petals broad and rounded. Plants with coloring from pale lilac to intense magenta occasionally have white-flowered, forma albiflora, plants growing among them. 252
Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE SPIRANTHES is a cosmopolitan genus of about 50 species. Treated in the strictest sense it is one of the most easily recognized genera, but has some of the more difficult plants to identify to species. The relatively slender, often twisted, stems and spikes of small white or creamy-yellow (or pink in S. sinensis) flowers are universally recognizable. Key to the ladies’-tresses, Spiranthes, found within the White Mountains region. 1a plants mid-summer flowering; leaves present at flowering time; inflorescence loosely arranged; flower flowers spaced out, northerly in distribution.....northern slender ladies’-tresses, Spiranthes lacera var. lacera 1b plants late summer-autumn flowering...2 2a plants of open shales and grasslands; flowers, ca. 5 mm long, usually arranged in a single rank.....Case’s ladies’-tresses, Spiranthes casei 2b flowers larger, 8 mm or more in length...3 3a lip constricted in the middle, panduriform.....hooded ladies’-tresses, Spiranthes romanzoffiana 3b lip not constricted in the middle...4 4a entire flower white and/or cream; lateral sepals and petals appressed.....nodding ladies’-tresses, Spiranthes cernua 4b flower creamy-white; lateral sepals and petals approximate or divergent; lower surface of lip butterscotch colored.....yellow ladies’-tresses, Spiranthes ochroleuca Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise var. casei Case’s ladies’-tresses Range: Ontario east to Nova Scotia, south to Wisconsin, northern Pennsylvania and western Maine In the White Mountains region: rare and local in the northern areas Plants: terrestrial, 8-50 cm tall, sparsely pubescent below, inflorescence densely pubescent Leaves: 3-5; appearing basal or on the lower portion of the stem; linearoblanceolate, up to 2 cm wide × 20 cm long; ascending to spreading; leaves present at anthesis Flowers: 10-50; in a spike, loosely spiraled with 5 or more flowers per cycle, nodding from the base of the perianth; floral bracts green; sepals lanceolate; lateral sepals slightly spreading; petals ovate to oblanceolate; perianth ivory or greenish-white; lip oblong, 5.0-7.5 mm, the central portion often a deeper creamy yellow, with thin, fringed margins, the apex truncate; overall flower size 5 (6-9) mm long Habitat: dry open sites usually on the Canadian Shield in shaley soils, road scrapes, or thin-soil grasslands Flowering period: late August to September Although plants had been known for many years, it was only in 1974 that they were described as a species. Formerly these plants were often known as the ―northern (Spiranthes) vernalis’, a species that grows considerably further to the south. For a short time plants of S. casei were also known as S. intermedia, again a totally different plant that is actually a hybrid between S. vernalis and S. lacera var. gracilis and does not range northward. Plants of S. casei, as 253
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