north american native orchid journal - at The Culture Sheet

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Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE Corallorhiza trifida Chatelain early coralroot forma verna (Nuttall) P.M. Brown—yellow stemmed/white lipped form Range: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to California, northern New Mexico, and in scattered localities to West Virginia In the White Mountains region: occasional to local Plant: terrestrial, mycotrophic, 5-30 cm tall; stems yellow to yellowgreen in the south to bronze in the far north Leaves: none Flowers: 8-15; tepals yellow-green to bronze, occasionally spotted with purple in plants of the far north, wide-spreading; lip white, often spotted with purple, especially in highly colored northern individuals; mentum inconspicuous; individual flowers 0.5-1.0 cm Habitat: rich mesic and mixed forests Flowering period: late May to July Although smaller than many of the other coralroots in our area, the bright greenish-yellow stems of the early coralroot stand out among the forest companions. In the northernmost areas plants grow out in the open barrens and tundra and tend to blend in a bit more. Coloration can vary some in that the plants of open exposed areas are often suffused with bronze and the floral parts with purple spots. The plants more common in the southern portion of the range with pure white lips were designated as variety verna by Nuttall nearly 200 years ago, but that variation is better treated as a form. 212 Fording a wild stream or traversing a shaky suspension bridge to find these orchids takes real dedication of the orchid enthusiast. The reward is finding the plants or finding something unexpected on the journey like the Corallorhiza in a damp glen along the road.
Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE CYPRIPEDIUM is a distinctive genus of about 45 species with 12 occurring in North America, north of Mexico. Although the leaf arrangement is variable, the lip, an unmistakable pouch-shaped slipper, is always diagnostic. This is often the genus that is first recognized by orchid enthusiasts. Key to the lady‖s-slippers found within the White Mountains region 1a leaves basal.....pink lady’s-slipper, Cypripedium acaule 1b leaves cauline...2 2a lip white, with veins in shades of purple.....ram’s-head lady’s-slipper, Cypripedium arietinum 2b lip yellow...3 3a flowers commonly large, lip to 5.4 cm long; sepals and petals unmarked to spotted, striped, or reticulately marked with reddish brown or madder; plants of a variety of habitats, usually mesic to calcareous woodlands.....large yellow lady’s-slipper, Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens 3b flowers small, lip 1.5–2.9 cm long, sepals and petals usually suffused with dark reddish brown or madder; scent intensely sweet; plants of calcareous fens and other mesic to limy wetlands.....northern small yellow lady’s-slipper, Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin 213
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