north american native orchid journal - at The Culture Sheet

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Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var. pubescens (Willdenow) Knight large yellow lady’s-slipper Range: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to Arizona and Georgia In the White Mountains region: very rare in mesic woodlands Plant: terrestrial, 15-60 cm tall Leaves: 3-5; alternate, somewhat evenly spaced along the stem, spreading; ovate to ovate-elliptic to lance-elliptic, 2.5-12.0 cm wide × 8-20 cm long; the outer surface of the lowermost sheathing bract densely pubescent with short, silvery hairs when young Flowers: 1-3(4); sepals and petals spotted, splotched, or marked with brown, chestnut, or reddish-brown spots, rarely appearing as a uniform color; lateral sepals united; petals undulate and spiraled to 10 cm long; lip slipper-shaped, from pale to a deep, rich yellow, less often with scarlet markings within the lip; individual flower size ca. 4.5 × 12.0 cm; lip 2.5-5.4 cm, the opening ovate-oblong at the base of the lip; scent moderate to faint reminiscent of old roses Habitat: a wide variety of mesic to calcareous, wet to dry woodlands, streamsides, bogs, and fens Flowering period: early June through July in the far north Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens is the classic yellow lady‖s-slipper so familiar to many wildflower lovers and gardeners. Although it has declined dramatically in some areas in the past twenty-five years, it still can be found in rich forests and swamps throughout much of the mesic and calcareous woodlands of our region. The fact that this is one of the few native orchids than can be cultivated in the garden has led to its decline in the wild. It is not all that unusual to often come upon sites where in past years there have been many plants, only to find many holes where they have been dug. 218
alba Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE EPIPACTIS is a cosmopolitan genus of about 25 species, only one of which, E. gigantea, is native in North America, well west of the Southeast. Three Eurasian species can also be found in North America, including E. helleborine. Epipactis helleborine (Linnaeus) Cranz broad-leaved helleborine forma alba (Webster) Boivin–white-flowered form forma viridens A. Gray–green-flowered form Range: eastern North America; southeastern California; scattered in western North America; Europe In the White Mountains region: becoming locally common Plant: terrestrial, 10-80 cm tall Leaves: 3-7; alternate, spreading; lance-elliptic, 2.5-4.0 cm wide × 10-18 cm long Flowers: 15-50; highly variable in color but normally yellowgreen usually suffused with rosy-pink, individual flowers 1- 3 cm across Habitat: highly variable, from shaded calcareous woodlands to front lawns and garden beds and even the crack in a concrete sidewalk!; typically a lime-lover Flowering period: July to early September The widespread European Epipactis helleborine was first found in North America near Syracuse, New York in 1878. In the ensuing century-plus it has spread throughout the region and can now be found all the way eastward to downtown Boston, Massachusetts and northward to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and in recent years westward to California. Plants appear to pop up here and there, usually in the vicinity of calcareous soils or debris. It can be equally happy in woodland and exposed situations. With the exception of forma viridens, the various forms are exceedingly rare and are represented by very few collections. Exploring in a similar habitat, but a new area, yielded a rich abundance of the Epipactis that likes to grow in limy areas like the old kiln site across the trail where the original site was discovered. forma viridens 219
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