north american native orchid journal - at The Culture Sheet

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Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE so do most other species of Spiranthes, vary greatly in size, vigor, and number of flowers. The small, nodding, partially open flowers in a single rank make them reasonably easy to spot and if growing among other species of Spiranthes they are very distinctive. The only possible confusion would be S. ×borealis, the hybrid between S. casei and S. ochroleuca. This hybrid is frequent in northern New England were the two parents frequently grow together. 254
Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE Spiranthes cernua (Linnaeus) L.C. Richard nodding ladies’-tresses Range: South Dakota east to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida In the White Mountains region: locally common Plant: terrestrial, 10-50 cm tall Leaves: 3-5; appearing basal or on the lower portion of the stem; linear-oblanceolate, up to 2 cm wide × 26 cm long; ascending to spreading; leaves are usually present at anthesis in most races Flowers: 10-50; in a spike, tightly to loosely spiraled with 5 or more flowers per cycle, nodding from the base of the perianth or rarely ascending; bracts with a white or light green central stripe; sepals and petals similar, lanceolate; perianth white, ivory; lip oblong, broad at the apex, the central portion of the lip, in some races, creamy-yellow or green; the sepals approximate and extending forward sometimes arching above the flower; individual flower size 0.6-10.5 mm Habitat: wet to dryish open sites, lightly wooded areas, moist grassy roadsides, etc. Flowering period: late August to October Of all of our native orchids in North America, Spiranthes cernua is the most difficult for which to give a simple, concise description and narrative. Because it is a compilospecies–one that has gene flow from several different similar species– plants in different geographic areas have strong resemblances to the basic diploid species contributing that unidirectional gene flow. In northeastern North America we are somewhat fortunate that the only basic diploid Spiranthes that contributes gene flow at this time is S. ochroleuca. The so called ―Quebec race‖ shows possible gene flow from S. casei, but that remains to be proven. That is not to say that identification of S. cernua plants is always easy— quite to the contrary. Because the plants are apomictic—not fertilized in the traditional sexual manner, but producing seed (actually minute plantlets) directly without fertilization–local races occur that are quite distinctive. 255
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