north american native orchid journal - at The Culture Sheet

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Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE ARETHUSA is a small genus found in eastern North America and Japan. The brilliantly colored flowers are a feature of many of the bogs and fens of northeastern North America. Arethusa bulbosa Linnaeus dragon’s-mouth Range: southern Manitoba east to Newfoundland, and south to northern South Carolina, west to northern Indiana and central Minnesota In the White Mountains region: very rare; found in the WMNF for the first time in 2009; well-established in Sugar Hill for many years Plant: terrestrial, 4-15 (20) cm tall Leaves: 1; linear, 0.3-1.2 cm wide and 5.0-23.0 cm long; appressed to the flowering stem when young and continuing to develop as the plant matures Flowers: usually 1, occasionally 2-4; rose, rich pink, or magenta or, in the forma albiflora, flowers pure white or, in the forma subcaerulea, lilac-blue; individual flower size 1-3 cm; miniature individuals, with flowers no more than 0.5 cm tall, rarely occur Habitat: sphagnum bogs, fens, and seeps Flowering period: late spring To many native orchid enthusiasts Arethusa is the ultimate gem of the northern affinity bogs and fens. Although it is one of the commonest orchids in the far northern portion of its range and is one of the first of the showy ―bog pinks‖ to flower each spring, in central and northern New Hampshire it is very rare. Plants often appear leafless at flowering time, as the emerging grass-like leaf is nearly appressed to the flower stalk, although it will elongate later in the season. The beautiful pink flowers are distinctive and could only be confused (at a distance) with the rose pogonia, Pogonia ophioglossoides, with which it frequently grows. 206
Brown & Folsom: WILD ORCHIDS OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND MAINE COELOGLOSSUM is a monotypic circumpolar genus. The plants occur in a variety of habitats in boreal and mountainous area throughout much of the northern hemisphere. Two varieties are known and a third variety, var. interjecta, intermediate between both the predominately Eurasian var. viride and the widespread North America var. virescens, was described by Fernald but appears to be based upon plants with the leaves appressed to the stem rather than wide-spreading. Recent molecular studies have placed this genus within the genus Dactylorhiza, but Sheviak and Catling (FNA 2002) have chosen to recognize the two genera as separate but closely related. Coeloglossum viride (Linnaeus) Hartman var. virescens (Mühlenberg) Luer long-bracted green orchis Range: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to Washington, New Mexico, Iowa, and North Carolina In the White Mountains region: very rare in mesic woodlands in the vicinity of Wild River Plant: terrestrial, 20-80 cm tall Leaves: 3-5; 2 cm wide and up to 30 cm long passing into slender floral bracts Flowers: 8-35; the linear petals and ovate sepals forming a hood; the lip oblong and notched at the tip; flowers subtended by bracts distinctly exceeding the flowers; petals and sepals green, the lip often suffused with purple; spur minute and inconspicuous Habitat: deciduous mesic woodlands, open coniferous forests, often along roadsides and trails Flowering period: June to August 207 The long-bracted green orchis, despite its coloration, is a conspicuous and distinctive member of the woodland orchid flora of eastern North America. The long, slender bracts subtending each flower give rise to the common name, and upon close examination reveal the distinctive notched lip. After pollination the floral parts remain on the plant so as to appear still in flower many weeks after anthesis.
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