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NOTE: Not all of the above functions are required of every service, data group, or mode. The detailed acquisition sequences to be presented discuss how and when these operations are accomplished in establishing the appropriate forward and/or return service. C.1.4 Paragraph C.2 highlights the various parameters that impact the acquisition event sequence and/or the time to acquire (Tacq ). Using a detailed timeline, paragraph C.3 describes the event sequence associated with acquisition. Paragraph C.4 concludes by addressing various issues related to reacquisition. C.2 Key Parameters which Impact Acquisition Sequences and Times C.2.1 Customer MOC Controllable Parameters C.2.1.1 General Table C-1 summarizes the parameters which impact acquisition and which the customer MOC can either schedule prior to (refer to Section 10, paragraph 10.2) or initiate during (please see Section 10, paragraph 10.3) the scheduled service support period. The parameters are described in more detail in Sections 5 (MA), 6 (SSA), 7 (KuSA), and 8 (KaSA). Paragraphs C.2.1.2 through C.2.1.5 expand on certain aspects of these parameters. C.2.1.2 Doppler Compensation To aid in customer platform acquisition of both the forward service command and range channel PN codes and the forward service carrier, Doppler compensation should be scheduled or accommodated on the customer platform. If Doppler compensation is not scheduled, the WSC will transmit the carrier frequency and the derived PN code chip rate as specified in the SHO. If no accommodations are made on the customer platform, this fixed frequency forward service transmission may not allow acquisition and, therefore, it is recommended that the customer MOC schedule or accommodate Doppler compensation at all times so that the forward service PN code clocks and the carrier are continuously compensated to account for changing customer platform dynamics. The MOC may choose to disable Doppler compensation during ground tracking services; however, valid tracking service data is available with or without Doppler compensation enabled. C.2.1.3 Start of Forward Service Data It is recommended that the customer MOC not initiate forward service data transmission to the NISN data transport system until sufficient time has elapsed after the scheduled service support period start time for the customer platform to have acquired the forward Revision 10 C-2 450-SNUG
service PN codes (command and range channels) and the carrier, or until forward service lock is verified by return service data. This procedure will enhance the forward service T acq and help to prevent false carrier lock. The specific acquisition events outlined in paragraph C.3 assume that commands are not sent by the customer MOC to its customer platform unless their receipt and/or implementation by that customer platform can be confirmed by the customer MOC via telemetry. For coherent turnaround services (i.e., return services using DG1 modes 1 or 3 or DG2 [coherent operations]), this implies that the start of forward service data transmission (by the customer MOC to the NISN data transport system) should not start until the return service acquisition process is complete. C.2.1.4 Start of Return Service (Relative to the Start of the Corresponding Forward Service) The start time of the scheduled return service support period, TR , initiates the WSC return service acquisition sequence. For a customer platform in a coherent turnaround mode of operation, it is recommended that the forward service start time precede the return service start time by sufficient time to allow the customer platform acquire the forward service and provide the coherent return signal. Typically, the forward service start time precedes the return service start time by 30 seconds for coherent services. C.2.1.5 Start of Return Service Data Transmission a. The customer platform should be scheduled/commanded to initiate return service data transmission of desired customer platform data only after the WSC has completed all of its signal acquisition processes. This procedure helps prevent loss of desired customer platform data during this segment of the WSC acquisition process. b. After ground terminal PN code and carrier lock has occurred, the next ground terminal processes involve symbol synchronizers, and (where applicable) Viterbi decoders and a deinterleaver. The number of symbols which must be processed by each of these devices for each to achieve lock depends on the Prec and the symbol transition density of the individual customer spacecraft data channel. To avoid loss of data during these processes, it is advisable for the customer platform to transmit a preamble (e.g., a sequence of psuedo-random bits) before "real" data is sent. This may also reduce the synchronization time of this part of the return service acquisition process due to the high (50 percent) symbol transition density of such a preamble sequence. Revision 10 C-3 450-SNUG
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452 / Space Network Project 450-SNU
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Space Network Users’ Guide (SNUG)
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Preface The Space Network Users’
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Change Information Page List of Eff
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Table of Contents Section 1. Introd
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6.2.5 Real-Time Configuration Chang
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Appendix B. Functional Configuratio
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Appendix J. Customer Constraints fo
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Figure 10-5. NCCDS/NEST Scheduling
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Figure B-6. Customer Platform Funct
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NASA Standard Transponder .........
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Table B-3. Data Configuration Const
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1.1 Purpose and Scope Section 1. In
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Section/ Appendix Table 1-1. Docume
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S SN Future Services Describes futu
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Many of the links require access to
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Revision 10 1-9 450-SNUG https://co
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Section 2. SN Overview 2.1 General
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Revision 10 2-3 450-SNUG Customer P
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Multiple Access Antenna • 30 elem
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Table 2-1. Example of TDRS Constell
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services. The detailed TDRS spacecr
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Average Coverage (%) 100 95 90 85 8
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quality. For further information on
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3.1 General Section 3. Services Ava
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Revision 10 3-3 450-SNUG MA (note 1
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Table 3-2 provides an overview of t
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Revision 10 3-7 450-SNUG TDRS G/T (
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Data Group and Mode (note 4) Table
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platforms to have SA support on one
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a TDRS. Compatibility testing is pe
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NASA-unique 4800 bit block and then
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Revision 10 3-17 450-SNUG Table 3-4
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the Space Network's ability to supp
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4.1 Overview Section 4. Obtaining S
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5.1 General Section 5. MA Telecommu
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an appropriate forward service has
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Table 5-1. TDRSS MA Forward PSK Ser
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NOTE: Customers who operate in a SS
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Table 5-3. Salient Characteristics
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e. The customer platform receiving
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DG1 (note 1) Table 5-6. TDRSS MA Re
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Table 5-6. TDRSS MA Return Service
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platform transmit frequency for non
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configurations, the I-Q channel amb
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Acquisition (note 3) (cont’d): Ta
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d. After symbol/decoder and symbol/
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Section 3, paragraph 3.5 for guidel
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5.3.3.4 Reacquisition While in the
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5.3.5 Acquisition Scenarios The fol
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d. DG2 Mode Transitions. 1. DG2 non
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6.1 General Section 6. SSA Telecomm
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6.2.2 PSK Signal Parameters The TDR
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Table 6-1. TDRSS SSA Forward PSK Se
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6.2.2.2 BPSK Signal Parameters a. B
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unless the customer is utilizing th
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Table 6-2. TDRSS SSA Forward Phase
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Table 6-3. TDRSS SSA Forward Servic
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d. The customer platform receiving
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DG1 (note 1) Table 6-7. TDRSS SSA R
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Table 6-7. TDRSS SSA Return Service
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6.3.2.2 DG1 Signal Parameters DG1 s
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and signal characteristics specifie
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3. Balanced Power Single Data Sourc
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and an ephemeris uncertainty as def
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Table 6-11. SSA Return Service Real
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2. DG1 Mode 1 (or 3) to DG1 Mode 2
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Table 6-12. TDRSS SSA Return Servic
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service is supported through TDRS F
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Table 6-14. TDRS SSAR IF Service Sp
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7.1 General Section 7. KuSA Telecom
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c. Frequency Sweep on the Forward L
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Table 7-1. TDRSS KuSA Forward Servi
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7.2.5 Acquisition Scenarios The fol
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Table 7-4. KuSA Forward Service Rea
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Table 7-5. TDRSS KuSA Return Servic
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. SQPSK Modulation. SQPSK modulatio
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7.3.2.3 DG2 Signal Parameters DG2 s
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Revision 10 7-21 450-SNUG Dual Data
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code and carrier acquisition will b
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identical data) having unbalanced I
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acquisition, the process should tra
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Table 7-8. KuSA Return Service Real
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egins) or by its customer platform
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Reconfiguration and reacquisition b
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7.3.6 225 MHz IF Service This secti
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Table 7-11. TDRS KuSAR IF Service S
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7.3.6.3 Potential Signal Performanc
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8.1 General Section 8. KaSA Telecom
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8.2 KaSA Forward Services 8.2.1 Gen
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Table 8-1. TDRSS KaSA Forward Servi
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c. Asynchronous Data Modulation. Fo
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Table 8-2. TDRSS KaSA Forward Servi
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in Table 8-1. The EIRP directed tow
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Table 8-5. TDRSS KaSA Return 225 MH
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Single Data Source Dual Data Source
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8.3.3.2 Bit Error Rate (BER) Table
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d. Loss of Autotrack. Loss of autot
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Table 8-8. KaSA Return Service Real
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noncoherent transmissions are desir
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Table 8-9. TDRSS KaSA Return 225 MH
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Changes to the operating conditions
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Table 8-11. TDRS KaSAR 225 MHz and
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Section 9. Tracking and Clock Calib
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(sample-to-sample) range data as in
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NOTE: The definition of 240. MHz is
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time" refers to that portion (leadi
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e. TDRSS Delay Compensation. The WS
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Section 10. SN Operations for TDRSS
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Table 10-2. Overview of SN Message
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10.2.2.6 Schedule Distribution List
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Table 10-3. Schedule Request Descri
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Revision 10 10-9 450-SNUG Applicabl
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10.2.3.4 Forecast Scheduling Genera
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which have been committed to the SN
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10.2.4.2 Specific Schedule Request
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e. Each SSC represents a single ser
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NOTE: TUT reports are not transmitt
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Scheduling Data (SHO) Operations Me
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10.2.7.2 NISN Event Schedule (NES)
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System Element Table 10-7. Real-tim
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System Element Table 10-9. Real-tim
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System Element Table 10-10. Real-ti
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System Element Table 10-10. Real-ti
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Revision 10 10-33 450-SNUG Message
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10.4 Customer Platform Emergency Op
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operations. During a customer platf
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Appendix A. Example Link Calculatio
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A.3.2 Forward service link calculat
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User Spacecraft G/T (dB/K) 20 10 0
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. Required Eb /No is 9.9 dB (BER of
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Ideal Required Prec (dBWi) -150 -16
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Page 341 and 342: Ideal Required Prec (dBWi) -150 -16
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Page 405 and 406: C.4 Reacquisition C.4.1 Introductio
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Page 413 and 414: Appendix D. Spectrum Considerations
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Page 433 and 434: potential interference to other sys
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Page 437 and 438: Table D.A-1. Peak Power Calculation
Page 439 and 440: Appendix E. Customer Platform and T
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Figure E-8. QPSK Phase Imbalance id
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R max R ideal Figure E-11. Residual
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For forward service: O/ OUT AM / PM
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E.16 Out-of-Band Emissions Out-of-b
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E.21 PN Chip Rate PN code chip rate
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Appendix F. Periodic Convolutional
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Revision 10 F-3 450-SNUG ENCODER SY
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Appendix G. Predicted Performance D
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G.3.3 If the RFI environment become
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G.6 SSA and MA Forward Service RFI
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Appendix H. Demand Access System (D
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H.1.4 DAS Service Modes There are t
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DAS provides service through each s
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modulation format. Acquisition by D
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H.1.5.3 Transmission Delays The ove
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Receiving service request responses
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Revision 10 H-13 450-SNUG Customer
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H.3.2 Communications Interface H.3.
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Upon determining that the request i
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Appendix I. NASA Integrated Service
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Figure I-1. NISN/SN Legacy Interfac
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I.2.2 Non-IP Routed Data Services P
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Network Control Header Customer Hea
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NOTE: A block with bit 82 set to bi
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Appendix J. Customer Constraints fo
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J.3 Acquisition For S-band DG2 nonc
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Appendix K. Use of Reed-Solomon Cod
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NOTE: Throughout this document, the
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Appendix L. McMurdo TDRSS Relay Sys
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Appendix M. Deleted This page inten
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N.3 Test Services Description Test
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TDRSS component may require the who
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N.6.2 Test Scheduling The use of al
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model also determined duty cycles f
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P.1 Major System Components P.1.1 C
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P.2 External Interfaces P.2.1 Netwo
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The user will be able to print eith
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SNAS MOC user will be able to speci
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The SNAS will allow a minimum durat
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the DAS Resource Allocation Request
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gateway and a proxy for the Closed
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Figure Q-1. WDISC Overview Q.2.1 IP
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database management, testing, troub
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In general, to obtain SN services,
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scheduling of SN Gateway services a
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Figure R-1. SN Gateway Overview Rev
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Figure R-3. WSC SN Gateway Interfac
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Table R-1. Comparison of Between WD
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Table S-1. TDRSS Forward Service Si
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Service Modulation Coding (2) Data
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Service Data Group DG2 (5) Phase Mo
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Service Data Group Mode Modulation
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Command Data Telemetry Data Ground
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And Data Handling (C&DH), referred
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Table U-1. TDRSS MAR Service Recomm
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Table U-2. TDRSS SSAR Service Recom
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BSR bit slippage rate BW bandwidth
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EET End-to-End Test EIF Engineering
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IRAC Interdepartmental Radio Adviso
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NASCOM NASA Communications Network
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R R range acceleration between a T
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SND Space Network Directive SNG SN
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T s receiving system noise temperat
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