Gschwend%20thesis.pdf

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-l84- Table 5-4. Halomethane release rates (ngl gm dry weight/day) from algae into seawater. Values in parenthesis indicate that seawater concentrations of halomethanes after algal incubation were 2-5 times greater than concentrations found in the control seawater. Other values represent increases in seawater concentrations of halomethanes of more than 5 times over the concentrations in the control seawater.
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SEAWA
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-3- concentrations were observed to
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-5- analyses. Joy Geiselman collect
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Approval Page Abstract. . . Acknowl
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Figure 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7
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-11- 4-5 O-xylene in Vineyard Sound
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-14- background ~ the next two chap
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-16- those at room temperature. On
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-18-. Table l-l. Ha logenated volat
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-zo- They found total n-alkanes (C6
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-2Z- alpha-pinene ( ~ ), and limone
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-24- Land animals also utilize vola
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-26- importance of transport mechan
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-28- Recently, methods have been de
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-30- Figure 2-1. Station locations
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-32- A third set of seawater sample
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-34- These analyses provided a lowe
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'" ~ ~ ~ o 500 TEMPERATURE (OC) 10
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SampIe station/ depth (m) Sargasso
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NOj (PM/kg) o 10 20 30 40 chI a (Pg
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Figure 2-4. -42- o 0 . o Sections s
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-44- Figure 2-5. Sections showing n
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-46- Figure 2-6. Sections showing o
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-48- Figure 2-7. Sections showing i
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-50- and l49 (M+41) ions in the CH4
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~ ~ ~ ~ ii "' ~ ï: "' l¡ Q: 3(' 5
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-54- A family of straight chain ald
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o 10 6 6.0 100 3.2 1000 . 2.2 0 9.2
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-58- Equatorial Atlantic, does not
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-60- Zsolnay (l973, 1976) has repor
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netS 40 (ng/kg) 20 +24/7 +15/7 30 2
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sample was enriched relative to adj
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-67- On the other hand, a phytoplan
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°2 (m//kg) 2 6 . . . . 4 . . . . .
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-71- Figure 2-13. Mechanism for pro
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-73- fatty acid, hexadecanoic acid,
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-75- In addition, the Cape, and the
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::.',:.:' 71° 70° 69° 68° 67°W
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-79- Figure 3-2. Recirculating stri
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-81- o (heated to 60 C to reduce th
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VOLATILE EXTRACTION ref. Grab and Z
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hydrographic
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-88- Figure 3-5. Salinity (0/00) ve
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-90- revealing the variation of sal
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.. 1.5 ..E0 1.0 - Ci ci :: 0.5 II'
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-94- Figure 3-7. Chlorophyll ~ (~g/
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-96- Three known incidents of hydro
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~ ( ng/kg) 40 30 20 ._... ~ ? 1 0 .
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~ 4 2 ( ng/kg) o '-+~ ( ng/kg) ~ (
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o to o (\ . -. /..., ., --. o .. (a
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-104- Figure 3-11. O-xylene concent
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-106- Figure 3-12. Electron impact
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-108- (Müller and Jaenicke, 1973).
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30 20 UNKNOWN m.w. 108 10 (ng/kg) o
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-112- Figure 3-14. Naphthalene and
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-114- The naphthalene-to-methyl nap
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-117- with 0.29 for o-xylene and 0.
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nC14 15 10 (ng/kg) 5 o 80 60 n C 15
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"ep¡" 50 40 30 20 10 s...." . . \~
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-123- Figure 3-18. C6-CiO aldehyde
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Figure 3-19. -125- Heptanal concent
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-127- production by the plankton or
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20 18 2 16 ~ "- 14 3 3 3 :- 12 3/ 2
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tf 10-' ~ ~ ct ~ ~ ~ ~ '" .. ~ ~ ~
Page 133 and 134: 15 DMDS (ng/kg) 5 o 35 30 25 DMTS 2
Page 135 and 136: -135- polysulfide volatiles. Partic
Page 137 and 138: TOTAL VC (ng/kg) 500 400 300 200 10
Page 139 and 140: -139- This suggested an anthropogen
Page 141 and 142: "Also, short range transport and de
Page 143 and 144: -143- were conducted. Rain samples
Page 145 and 146: Short-term Temporal Studies. -145-
Page 147 and 148: 40r RAIN RAIN 124 ~ 0 \ . MORNING (
Page 149 and 150: -149- Figure 4-2. Relative C2- and
Page 151 and 152: -151- Finally, the diesel-exhause-d
Page 153 and 154: Figure 4-3. Ratios of C2- and sampl
Page 155 and 156: Figure 4-4. Salini ty CD taken velo
Page 157 and 158: -157- Figure 4-5. O-xylene concentr
Page 159 and 160: -l59- while at other times they wer
Page 161 and 162: CDsw CDsw 11/10/77 11/22/77 CDsw 10
Page 163 and 164: -163- Figure 4-6. a-xylene concentr
Page 165 and 166: -165- The Quashnet River and Sippew
Page 167 and 168: Sippewissett Quashnet CD Marsh CD C
Page 169 and 170: r . I , , I . . I · ~_. . . TEMP .
Page 171 and 172: DATE AIR MEASUREMENTS -171- o-xylen
Page 173 and 174: -173- but that direct inputs (e.g.
Page 175 and 176: -175- an atmospheric source did not
Page 177 and 178: Table 5-1. Date of collection colle
Page 179 and 180: -179- gas chromatograph equipped wi
Page 181 and 182: -181- UCON R1 Compound SE54 R1 HB51
Page 183: Release rates (ng/gm dry weight/day
Page 187 and 188: -187- algal samples from the presen
Page 189 and 190: -189- Production of halogenated met
Page 191 and 192: -191- Also, wave action is frequent
Page 193 and 194: CHAPTER 6. SUMRY AND CONCLUDING REM
Page 195 and 196: Coastal Seawater -195- Total volati
Page 197 and 198: -197- markedly during the late-wint
Page 199 and 200: -199- Pentadecane and the halometha
Page 201 and 202: -ZOI- anthropogenic inputs. Work in
Page 203 and 204: APPENDIX I ANALYTICAL METHODS USED
Page 205 and 206: -205- Tenax (Applied Science Labora
Page 207 and 208: ~ 60°C WATER IN ~ PURGING HELIUM I
Page 209 and 210: -209- tubing to hold the short Tena
Page 211 and 212: -2ll- Figure 1-2. Gas chromatograms
Page 213 and 214: -213o 0 For traps analyzed soon aft
Page 215 and 216: - -- Spike Concentrations --- (ng/k
Page 217 and 218: RUN NO. l-c1-nC 6 1 l-c1-nC 10 2 2.
Page 219 and 220: -219- Table 1-3. Volatile compound
Page 221 and 222: -221- glass fiber filtered by gravi
Page 223 and 224: -223- Compounds 2,6-dimethyl- 2-eth
Page 225 and 226: -225- a solvent extract for many mo
Page 227: -227- Station Depth Potential Salin
Page 230 and 231: . " .il .r. 'L , ~ .1 ~¡ .t OrgUlr
Page 232 and 233: " CSi was injected with the split c
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Table i. Recoveries of standard com
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: ~ I'~ I i § J g iii \'1 g ,. 9 i
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Some of the chronological changes i
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- "' '$ '- ). Volatile organic comp
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- trations, as demonstrated by hex
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Kikuchi. T. Mimura. T. Moriwaki. Y.
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seawa ter (freshwater vapor compoun
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E) I. N EJ r-J .,....I-T-'--' l r.-
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Ð N X Ð lJ .. A lJ Ð lJ N Ð N
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E: ~ ~. X E: l1~ 1\ E: l1 N E: E: N
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Ð ÐN EJ EJ (Y ÐL1 N ÐN Ð L1 .,
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E) E) ..1 81. N --Il Ð LJJ N fQ 1D
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LO~ Ð(Y Ð LO N ÐN
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il N E: E: (Y E: il N E: E: N :i..
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-26l- Blumer, M. (1976) Polycyclic
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-263- Fenical, W" J.J. Sims, R.M. W
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-265- Kaiser, R. (l971) Ultra trace
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-267- McMillan, F .H. and J .A. Kin
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-269- Ryther, J. G., D. W. Menzel a
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n) \.( -271- Wilson, E.O. (l977) Ch
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