Gschwend%20thesis.pdf

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~ ( ng/kg) 40 30 20 ._... ~ ? 1 0 .\.~\ // \ / ~'.......\ ./...' o 80 70 60 50 ~+~ 40 (ng/kg) 30 20 10 o 30 ~ 20 (ng/kg) 10 o . i \ / .'- ... -. .-. .. -- . ? . ? . . ... ...-... !? r\ .-. \ l--e, .... .. /.'. .,1 1\ ., I.'. \. .. I.... . .\ . j... .\ .,., '. /\ .- /.-. ...-....- ._.... ... / w-..._._... MA M J J A SON 0 J 1977 . F M A M J 1978
-99- Figure 3-9. C3 -benzenes (nglkg) in biweekly seawater samples from CD.
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VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SEAWA
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-3- concentrations were observed to
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-5- analyses. Joy Geiselman collect
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Approval Page Abstract. . . Acknowl
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Figure 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7
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-11- 4-5 O-xylene in Vineyard Sound
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-14- background ~ the next two chap
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-16- those at room temperature. On
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-18-. Table l-l. Ha logenated volat
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-zo- They found total n-alkanes (C6
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-2Z- alpha-pinene ( ~ ), and limone
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-24- Land animals also utilize vola
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-26- importance of transport mechan
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-28- Recently, methods have been de
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-30- Figure 2-1. Station locations
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-32- A third set of seawater sample
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-34- These analyses provided a lowe
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'" ~ ~ ~ o 500 TEMPERATURE (OC) 10
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SampIe station/ depth (m) Sargasso
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NOj (PM/kg) o 10 20 30 40 chI a (Pg
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Figure 2-4. -42- o 0 . o Sections s
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-44- Figure 2-5. Sections showing n
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-46- Figure 2-6. Sections showing o
Page 48 and 49: -48- Figure 2-7. Sections showing i
Page 50 and 51: -50- and l49 (M+41) ions in the CH4
Page 52 and 53: ~ ~ ~ ~ ii "' ~ ï: "' l¡ Q: 3(' 5
Page 54 and 55: -54- A family of straight chain ald
Page 56 and 57: o 10 6 6.0 100 3.2 1000 . 2.2 0 9.2
Page 58 and 59: -58- Equatorial Atlantic, does not
Page 60 and 61: -60- Zsolnay (l973, 1976) has repor
Page 62 and 63: netS 40 (ng/kg) 20 +24/7 +15/7 30 2
Page 65 and 66: sample was enriched relative to adj
Page 67 and 68: -67- On the other hand, a phytoplan
Page 69 and 70: °2 (m//kg) 2 6 . . . . 4 . . . . .
Page 71 and 72: -71- Figure 2-13. Mechanism for pro
Page 73 and 74: -73- fatty acid, hexadecanoic acid,
Page 75 and 76: -75- In addition, the Cape, and the
Page 77 and 78: ::.',:.:' 71° 70° 69° 68° 67°W
Page 79 and 80: -79- Figure 3-2. Recirculating stri
Page 81 and 82: -81- o (heated to 60 C to reduce th
Page 83 and 84: VOLATILE EXTRACTION ref. Grab and Z
Page 85 and 86: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hydrographic
Page 88 and 89: -88- Figure 3-5. Salinity (0/00) ve
Page 90 and 91: -90- revealing the variation of sal
Page 92 and 93: .. 1.5 ..E0 1.0 - Ci ci :: 0.5 II'
Page 94 and 95: -94- Figure 3-7. Chlorophyll ~ (~g/
Page 96 and 97: -96- Three known incidents of hydro
Page 100 and 101: ~ 4 2 ( ng/kg) o '-+~ ( ng/kg) ~ (
Page 102 and 103: o to o (\ . -. /..., ., --. o .. (a
Page 104 and 105: -104- Figure 3-11. O-xylene concent
Page 106 and 107: -106- Figure 3-12. Electron impact
Page 108 and 109: -108- (Müller and Jaenicke, 1973).
Page 110 and 111: 30 20 UNKNOWN m.w. 108 10 (ng/kg) o
Page 112 and 113: -112- Figure 3-14. Naphthalene and
Page 114 and 115: -114- The naphthalene-to-methyl nap
Page 117 and 118: -117- with 0.29 for o-xylene and 0.
Page 119 and 120: nC14 15 10 (ng/kg) 5 o 80 60 n C 15
Page 121 and 122: "ep¡" 50 40 30 20 10 s...." . . \~
Page 123 and 124: -123- Figure 3-18. C6-CiO aldehyde
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3-19. -125- Heptanal concent
Page 127 and 128: -127- production by the plankton or
Page 129 and 130: 20 18 2 16 ~ "- 14 3 3 3 :- 12 3/ 2
Page 131 and 132: tf 10-' ~ ~ ct ~ ~ ~ ~ '" .. ~ ~ ~
Page 133 and 134: 15 DMDS (ng/kg) 5 o 35 30 25 DMTS 2
Page 135 and 136: -135- polysulfide volatiles. Partic
Page 137 and 138: TOTAL VC (ng/kg) 500 400 300 200 10
Page 139 and 140: -139- This suggested an anthropogen
Page 141 and 142: "Also, short range transport and de
Page 143 and 144: -143- were conducted. Rain samples
Page 145 and 146: Short-term Temporal Studies. -145-
Page 147 and 148: 40r RAIN RAIN 124 ~ 0 \ . MORNING (
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-149- Figure 4-2. Relative C2- and
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-151- Finally, the diesel-exhause-d
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Figure 4-3. Ratios of C2- and sampl
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Figure 4-4. Salini ty CD taken velo
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-157- Figure 4-5. O-xylene concentr
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-l59- while at other times they wer
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CDsw CDsw 11/10/77 11/22/77 CDsw 10
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-163- Figure 4-6. a-xylene concentr
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-165- The Quashnet River and Sippew
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Sippewissett Quashnet CD Marsh CD C
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r . I , , I . . I · ~_. . . TEMP .
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DATE AIR MEASUREMENTS -171- o-xylen
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-173- but that direct inputs (e.g.
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-175- an atmospheric source did not
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Table 5-1. Date of collection colle
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-179- gas chromatograph equipped wi
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-181- UCON R1 Compound SE54 R1 HB51
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Release rates (ng/gm dry weight/day
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- l86- are shown in parenthese s. T
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-l88- June and September, it may be
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-190- study in some summer samples
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-192- Surprisingly, the Rhodophyta
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-194- Three deep samples (ca. 2000m
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-196- indicated that these hydrocar
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-l98- average year-round sample dat
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-200- hydrogens of the C2- and C3-b
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-202- Application of sensitive sele
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-204- tubing into round bottom flas
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-206- Figure I-I. Stripper used wit
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-208- sample. Sample water was forc
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-ZIO- ionization spectra were acqui
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. . TEMP BLAN K BEFORE SAMPLE 10m 2
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-214- Table I-i. Recoveries (%) of
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-2l6- Table 1-2. Standard deviation
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Grob Methodology -2l8- The methods
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-220- compound m & p xylenes mw 108
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-222- Table 1-4. Recoveries (ng/kg)
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-224- purchased them. Tenax may be
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-226- Appendix II. Hydrographic dat
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-229- Appendix III. Volatile organi
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94 R. P. SCHWARZENBACH, R. H. BROMU
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96 R. P. SCHWARZENBACH. R. H. BROMU
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98 R. P. SCHWARZENBACH, R. H. BROMU
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100 R. P. SCHWARZENBACH, R. H. BRoM
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102 R. P. SCHWARZENBACH, R. H. BROM
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104 Oxygeii compouiids R. P. SCHWAR
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106 R. P. SCHWAKZENRACH. R. H. BROM
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-245- Appendix iv. Physical chemica
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-247- Appendix V. Mass spectra of s
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IS N L~ N r IS N ~Ð :i ,E -i Ji: "
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LD~ E) E) (Y E) LD E) LD N X E) in
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il .. E) N X I E) E) (Y E) il N E)
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CD CD .. r. L. - N ~-'._-----'-----
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E) i N f f ( -455 .- N ~ r t ì igN
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E) E) ~i !D i N --- J -lri r~ 18 r~
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REFERENCES Ackman, R.G., C. S. Toch
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. Cleveland, W. S., B. air pollutio
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-264- Grob, K. and F. ZUrcher. (l97
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-266- Lee, C. and J.L. Bada. (1975)
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-268- N. A. S. (1975a) Assessing Po
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-270- Strickland, J.D .R. and T .R.
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