Sykes' History of Persia - Heritage Institute

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^v^J-^' BAS-RELIEF OF CYRUS THE GREAT. (From Perrot and Chipiez's <strong>History</strong> <strong>of</strong> Art in Ancient Egypt. Chapman & Hall, Ltd.)
HISTORY OF PERSIA BY LiEUT.-CoL. P. M. SYKES C.M.G., CLE. INDIAN ARMY GOLD MEDALLIST OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY AUTHOR OF 'ten THOUSAND MILES IN PERSIA* AND 'the glory OF THE SHIA WORLD* ACHAEMENIAN GOLD PaTERA. (From Br. Museum.) WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS IN TWO VOLUMES—VOL. I , \ MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1915 It
Page 1: ^'^ l*^ CD CO
Page 7 and 8: A HISTORY OF PERSIA
Page 12 and 13: x- !^ COPYRIGHT 111 v/,1
Page 15 and 16: Part of a Persian Hunting Scene. (F
Page 17 and 18: k A Sphinx. (Gold Medallion from Br
Page 19 and 20: CONTENTS B Kini Kingdom, 745-606 K
Page 21 and 22: N) CONTENTS xtii CHAPTER XIV The Pe
Page 23 and 24: CONTENTS XV CHAPTER XXI PACE The Ba
Page 25 and 26: ^ CONTENTS xvii B.C.—The Battle o
Page 27 and 28: CONTENTS xix CHAPTER XXXV " ' PAGE
Page 29: CONTENTS xxi Literature—The Monar
Page 32 and 33: XXIV HISTORY OF PERSIA The Sleeping
Page 34 and 35: ii'} Nasir-u-Din Shah. MAPS Vol. I
Page 36 and 37: HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. cities, Isf
Page 38: HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. To the west
Page 42 and 43: 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. in conseq
Page 45 and 46: , CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 7 what
Page 47 and 48: I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 9 In vi
Page 49 and 50: I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE ii Wind
Page 51 and 52: CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 13 and me
Page 53 and 54: I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 15 The
Page 57 and 58: I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 17 west
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Part of a Persian Hunting Scene. (F
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„ DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 21 off mo
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Afghanistan. DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC.
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mam^mm^wsmmmmmmw 2.V
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26 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. taken th
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28 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. past, th
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30 HISTORY OF PERSIA Hamadan, the c
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„ DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 31 donkey
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DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 33 mentions i
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OVIS VIGNEI ARCAL, 38 INCHES. (Shot
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36 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Of non-g
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„ DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 37 and si
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Headi'iece of Glazed Stoneware. (Fr
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Ill GEOGRAPHY OF ELAM & BABYLONIA 4
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u •cK,
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44 HISTORY OF PERSIA its source the
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^^..?^ S72*>:-„ «pf*'*« ve Z ^
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so HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. modern t
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52 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, m Next p
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54 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. approxim
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56 HISTORY OF PERSIA and absorbed t
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58 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. forced t
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ELAM AND SUSA, THE CAPITAL 59 nativ
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PREHISTORIC VASE FOUND BY AUTHOR. (
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^ dates 62 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap.
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ELAM AND SUSA, THE CAPITAL 63 rapid
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CHAP. V ELAM, SUMER, AND AKKAD 65 c
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ELAM, SUMER, AND AKKAD 67 their cru
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ELAM, SUMER, AND AKKAD 69 also reas
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THE STELE OF NARAM-SIN. Photo Manse
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72 HISTORY OF PERSIA expression and
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74 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. several
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Anzanite Tkxt of Shilhak-in-Shushin
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78 HISTORY OF PERSIA Elamite reacti
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ill
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8o HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The Laws
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ELAM AND BABYLON 8i the Hammurabi d
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BOUNDARY STONE, UNFINISHED, OF THE
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84 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap.vi It was
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86 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. by Ninev
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88 HISTORY OF PERSIA The greatest c
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90 HISTORY OF PERSIA or semi - inde
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92 HISTORY OF PERSIA ill return he
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94 HISTORY OF PERSIA The Revolution
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THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE 95 by the whole
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9G w
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98 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, vn succe
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loo HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. the Arj
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I02 HISTORY OF PERSIA original Arya
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I04 HISTORY OF PERSIA bronze : but
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^ CHAPTER Part of a Persian Hunting
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io8 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Persia
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no HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. a langua
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112 HISTORY OF PERSIA abolished, we
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114 HISTORY OF PERSIA to point out
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ii6 HISTORY OF PERSIA and that it w
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IX RELIGION OF MEDES & PERSIANS 117
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RELIGION OF MEDES & PERSIANS 119 Su
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CHAP. X THE RISE OF MEDIA 121 Assyr
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m THE RISE OF MEDIA 123 the frequen
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X THE RISE OF MEDIA 125 route to wh
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THE RISE OF MEDIA 127 arranged that
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THE RISE OF MEDIA 129 their history
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THE RISE OF MEDIA 131 shall lay hol
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Early Lydian Coin. CHAPTER XI MEDIA
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XI MEDIA, BABYLONIA, AND LYDIA 135
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I il
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138 HISTORY OF PERSIA many games. T
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I40 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xi it i
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142 HISTORY OF PERSIA The founder o
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XII THE HEROIC AGE OF PERSIA 143 ha
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'^^•f^jiJi'^ 'f-r').0*J>f'^f. 'ii
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146 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. of Cyru
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Persian King fighting Barbarians. (
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I50 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. ** of g
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SttuiforcL's Geocj^Esiah^, Londaiv.
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152 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Anshan,
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154 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The ove
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156 HISTORY OF PERSIA front of his
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THE RISE OF PERSIA 157 to the rescu
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THE RISE OF PERSIA 159 their develo
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XIII THE RISE OF PERSIA i6i as the
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XIII THE RISE OF PERSIA 163 old wor
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IGH
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.
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1 68 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. marche
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THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 169 Egypt in 521
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THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 171 family ; but
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^^^ •^Cf i I y^ tll^^^- DARIUS AN
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174 HISTORY OF PERSIA of silver. Ba
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176 HISTORY OF PERSIA whereas Rawli
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178 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. of boat
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1 80 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xiv wa
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i82 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. fine, v
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1 84 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. As thi
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1 86 HISTORY OF PERSIA dice : but,
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1 88 HISTORY OF PERSIA Yakut, and w
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I90 HISTORY OF PERSIA under the Gre
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XV THE ANCIENT PERSIANS 191 by a Gr
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y^y
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194 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The pal
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THE ANCIENT PERSIANS 195 opposite i
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BRONZE VESSELS FROM KHINAMAN. ifG
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THE ANCIENT PERSIANS 197 but she di
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CHAP. XVI PERSIA AND HELLAS 199 ear
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?cvi PERSIA AND HELLAS 201 Naxos ha
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~f *C^ W *i0i ^^^'- r-Q Mi:^£^^. ^
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204 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Attica
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^\; 206 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. or
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PERSIA AND HELLAS 207 frhumane ; an
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CH. XVII REPULSE OF PERSIA BY HELLA
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XVII REPULSE OF PERSIA BY HELLAS 21
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REPULSE OF PERSIA BY HELLAS 221 whe
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FALLEN PERSIAN STANDARD-BEARER. (Lo
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224 HISTORY OF PERSIA capture of Se
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^ ACHAEMENIAN EaGLE. (From Gold Med
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22 8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. accord
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230 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. end ; b
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XVIII AFTER REPULSE FROM HELLAS 231
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xvrii AFTER REPULSE FROM HELLAS 233
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Double Silver Siglos—Coin of Sido
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XIX DECLINE OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 2
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Page 363:
A MOUNTAIN TRACK IN ARMENIA. (From
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242 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. the mod
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ACHAEMENIAN GOLD JUG. (From Treasur
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246 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The Lat
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Page 379 and 380:
DECLINE OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 249 I
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Tarsus Medallion of (?) Philip of M
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THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 253 resources
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THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 255 a stubbor
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THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 257 of Amynta
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XX THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 259 back,
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Part of a Persian Hunting Scene. (F
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I XXI BATTLES OF GRANICUS AND ISSUS
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xxr BATTLES OF GRANICUS AND ISSUS 2
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XXI BATTLES OF GRANICUS AND ISSUS 2
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AGZ
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270 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. exceede
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272 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. XXI mos
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274 HISTORY OF PERSIA not crossed w
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276 HISTORY OF PERSIA grooms in rea
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278 HISTORY OF PERSIA destruction o
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28o HISTORY OF PERSIA sent home loa
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XXII ALEXANDER THE GREAT 281 his we
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I Lion-Gryphon. (Gold Medallion fro
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From a photograph by the Author. RA
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286 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. was inh
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288 HISTORY OF PERSIA of the twenti
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290 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. towns,
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292 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Greek r
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294 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xxm for
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296 HISTORY OF PERSIA while divisio
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298 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. it reac
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^ I XXIV DEATH OF ALEXANDER THE GRE
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300
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302 HISTORY OF PERSIA this explains
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304 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xxiv an
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3o6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. without
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3o8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. This fa
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XXV WARS OF THE *' SUCCESSORS " 309
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XXV WARS OF THE '* SUCCESSORS " 311
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I XXV WARS OF THE ** SUCCESSORS ''
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WARS OF THE "SUCCESSORS 315 after f
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Seleucus Soter. CHAPTER XXVI THE SE
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I XXVI THE SELEUCID EMPIRE 319 anot
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XXVI THE SELEUCID EMPIRE 321 with S
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SPRING IN THE ELBURZ. From a photog
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324 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. closely
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326 HISTORY OF PERSIA them being Eu
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Arsaces II. CHAPTER XXVII THE RISE
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330 HISTORY OF PERSIA kings we have
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332 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Margian
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334 HISTORY OF PERSIA it was not a
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xxvii THE RISE OF PARTHIA 335 type,
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xxvir THE RISE OF PARTHIA 337 Parth
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o y
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340 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Metauru
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342 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. mount t
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344 HISTORY OF PERSIA attacked thei
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346 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. own for
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348 HISTORY OF PERSIA provinces whi
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3S^ HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. regarde
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352 HISTORY OF PERSIA had become pa
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354 HISTORY OF PERSIA he subdued in
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2S6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. T/ie De
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358 HISTORY OF PERSIA more correct
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36o HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. ordinar
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362 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Empire,
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364 HISTORY OF PERSIA the hordes ro
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366 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. record.
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368 HISTORY OF PERSIA death of Sull
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XXIX PARTHIA, ROME, AND PONTUS 369
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i XXIX PARTHIA, ROME, AND PONTUS 37
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fc Orodes I. CHAPTER XXX PARTHIA AN
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XXX PARTHIA AND ROME 375 taking pit
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XXX PARTHIA AND ROME 377 some three
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XXX PARTHIA AND ROME 379 soldiers i
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Pacorus. CHAPTER XXXI ROME AND PART
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ROME AND PARTHIA 383 to invade Egyp
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 385 the Parth
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 387 in-Chief;
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 389 able effe
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 391 the time.
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CHAP. XXXII RELIGION AND ARCHITECTU
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XXXII RELIGION AND ARCHITECTURE 395
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Page 553:
^ U K
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400 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. "domina
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CH. XXXIII THE STRUGGLE FOR ARMENIA
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XXXIII THE STRUGGLE FOR ARMENIA 405
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THE GORGE OF THE ZAB, (From Wigrams
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4o8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. the ter
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Artabanus v. CHAPTER XXXIV THE DECL
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412 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. provinc
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414 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The Cam
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41 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. annexe
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41 8 HISTORY OF PERSIA worthy trave
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420 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. ing blo
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Ardeshir I. (Artaxerxes.) CHAPTER X
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424 HISTORY OF PERSIA The Coming of
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426 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. to all
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428 HISTORY OF PERSIA of Ardeshir,
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IXXV RISE OF THE SASANIAN DYNASTY 4
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cH. XXXVI SHAPUR I., CAPTOR OF VALE
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V^^y "-^.:?S
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XXXVI SHAPUR I., CAPTOR OF VALERIAN
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;, from XXXVI SHAPUR I., CAPTOR OF
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XXXVI SHAPUR L, CAPTOR OF VALERIAN
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3 I
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Shapur the Great. CHAPTER XXXVII SH
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446 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. facing
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 447 Singara
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, ' A.D. XXX VII SHAPUR THE GREAT 4
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 451 perforc
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 453 a force
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 455 twelve
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 457 suddenl
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 459 would p
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I XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 461 the a
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CH. XXXVIII STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUN
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XXXVIII STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUNS 46
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xxxviii STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUNS 46
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xxxviii STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUNS 46
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SILVER DISH OF BAHRAM GUR. (From Tr
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472 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The Usu
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474 HISTORY OF PERSIA in front of h
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476 HISTORY OF PERSIA cuap. xxxvhi
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478 HISTORY OF PERSIA Sea/ was defe
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p XXXIX CRUSHING OF THE WHITE HUNS
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iHO /^ o
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482 HISTORY OF PERSIA the cavalry o
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484 HISTORY OF PERSIA for more than
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NOSHIRWAN THE JuST. CHAPTER XL NOSH
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488 HISTORY OF PERSIA Belisarius wo
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490 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Noshirw
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492 HISTORY OF PERSIA have felt any
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494 HISTORY OF PERSIA gain of some
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NOSHIRWAN THE JUST 495 and the time
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NOSHIRWAN THE JUST 497 he checked t
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NOSHIRWAN AND BUZUKGMIHR. (From a P
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King trampling a Fallen Foeman. (Sa
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502 HISTORY OF PERSIA other ways. H
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504 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. enormou
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5o6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Pahlavi
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5o8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The rec
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5IO HISTORY OF PERSIA admiration of
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ARCHITECTURE 511 four columns, whic
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SHAPUR RECEIVING THE CYDARIS FROM O
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4" 514 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. a bo
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xLi ARCHITECTURE 515 animation. In
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cH.xui KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS
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xLii KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 51
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xLii KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 52
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pLii KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 52
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til KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 525
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KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS |cLii 5
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Yezdigird III. CHAPTER XLIII THE OV
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xLiii OVERTHROW OF PERSIAN EMPIRE 5
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XLIII OVERTHROW OF PERSIAN EMPIRE 5
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xTiii OVERTHROW OF PERSIAN EMPIRE 5
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Page 745 and 746:
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