Sykes' History of Persia - Heritage Institute

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322 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. crossed the Euphrates, and after the subjugation of Meso- potamia, Susiana, Persia, Media, and all the remaining districts as far as Bactriana . . ., he sent troops through the canals.'* ^ Here the inscription breaks off, and we learn from other sources that events in Egypt compelled Ptolemy to return. Although he left an army behind, the campaign was rather a brilliant raid than a serious attempt at permanent were more successful, conquest. The naval and many ports and operations coast provinces were occupied, but, as in the case of the former war, there was no finality. The second phase of the civil war was entered upon when Seleucus II., as to whose operations during the raid of Ptolemy we know very little, was defeated decisively in Palestine after having lost his fleet in a storm. The Battle of Ancyra, circa 235 B.C.—At this crisis Seleucus appealed to his brother Antiochus Hierax, now fourteen years of age and his mother's favourite. Hearing of this and ascertaining that the army of the north had started, Ptolemy concluded a ten years' peace with Seleucus. Antiochus, however, or perhaps rather the Queen-Mother, had no intention of supporting Seleucus ; on the contrary, claim was laid to the whole empire and a desperate civil war began. At first Seleucus carried all before him ; but when Mithridates of Pontus declared in favour of Antiochus and joined his army with a large force of Galatians, the odds against Seleucus were too heavy. At Ancyra, in Phrygia, about 235 b.c.,^ these grim mercenaries swept away the army of Seleucus, whose losses are said to have aggregated twenty thousand. He was himself reported as slain ; but the news was false, and he escaped to Cilicia, where he rallied the fragments of his broken forces. The provinces north of the Taurus were definitely lost to Seleucus II., but Antiochus Hierax was not on that account secure in the possession of his kingdom ; for the Galatians, who realized their power, turned on him, and made his position precarious. A peace was ^ Vide Holm, vol. iv. p. 2H. 2 Vide Holm, vol. iv. p. 242, note 2 ; for this date Bevan, vol. i. p. 285, vyrites " soon after 240."
SPRING IN THE ELBURZ. From a photograph by Major F. E. Wilson. 32>a
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^'^ l*^ CD CO
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A HISTORY OF PERSIA
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^v^J-^' BAS-RELIEF OF CYRUS THE GRE
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x- !^ COPYRIGHT 111 v/,1
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Part of a Persian Hunting Scene. (F
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k A Sphinx. (Gold Medallion from Br
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CONTENTS B Kini Kingdom, 745-606 K
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N) CONTENTS xtii CHAPTER XIV The Pe
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CONTENTS XV CHAPTER XXI PACE The Ba
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^ CONTENTS xvii B.C.—The Battle o
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CONTENTS xix CHAPTER XXXV " ' PAGE
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CONTENTS xxi Literature—The Monar
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XXIV HISTORY OF PERSIA The Sleeping
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ii'} Nasir-u-Din Shah. MAPS Vol. I
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HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. cities, Isf
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HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. To the west
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6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. in conseq
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, CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 7 what
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I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 9 In vi
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I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE ii Wind
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CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 13 and me
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I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 15 The
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I CONFIGURATION AND CLIMATE 17 west
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„ DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 21 off mo
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Afghanistan. DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC.
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mam^mm^wsmmmmmmw 2.V
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26 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. taken th
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28 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. past, th
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30 HISTORY OF PERSIA Hamadan, the c
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„ DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 31 donkey
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DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 33 mentions i
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OVIS VIGNEI ARCAL, 38 INCHES. (Shot
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36 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Of non-g
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„ DESERTS, RIVERS, ETC. 37 and si
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Headi'iece of Glazed Stoneware. (Fr
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Ill GEOGRAPHY OF ELAM & BABYLONIA 4
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u •cK,
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44 HISTORY OF PERSIA its source the
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^^..?^ S72*>:-„ «pf*'*« ve Z ^
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so HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. modern t
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52 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, m Next p
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54 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. approxim
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56 HISTORY OF PERSIA and absorbed t
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58 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. forced t
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ELAM AND SUSA, THE CAPITAL 59 nativ
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PREHISTORIC VASE FOUND BY AUTHOR. (
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^ dates 62 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap.
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ELAM AND SUSA, THE CAPITAL 63 rapid
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CHAP. V ELAM, SUMER, AND AKKAD 65 c
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ELAM, SUMER, AND AKKAD 67 their cru
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ELAM, SUMER, AND AKKAD 69 also reas
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THE STELE OF NARAM-SIN. Photo Manse
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72 HISTORY OF PERSIA expression and
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74 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. several
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Anzanite Tkxt of Shilhak-in-Shushin
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78 HISTORY OF PERSIA Elamite reacti
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ill
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8o HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The Laws
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ELAM AND BABYLON 8i the Hammurabi d
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BOUNDARY STONE, UNFINISHED, OF THE
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84 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap.vi It was
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86 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. by Ninev
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88 HISTORY OF PERSIA The greatest c
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90 HISTORY OF PERSIA or semi - inde
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92 HISTORY OF PERSIA ill return he
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94 HISTORY OF PERSIA The Revolution
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THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE 95 by the whole
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9G w
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98 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, vn succe
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loo HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. the Arj
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I02 HISTORY OF PERSIA original Arya
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I04 HISTORY OF PERSIA bronze : but
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^ CHAPTER Part of a Persian Hunting
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io8 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Persia
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no HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. a langua
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112 HISTORY OF PERSIA abolished, we
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114 HISTORY OF PERSIA to point out
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ii6 HISTORY OF PERSIA and that it w
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IX RELIGION OF MEDES & PERSIANS 117
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RELIGION OF MEDES & PERSIANS 119 Su
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CHAP. X THE RISE OF MEDIA 121 Assyr
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m THE RISE OF MEDIA 123 the frequen
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X THE RISE OF MEDIA 125 route to wh
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THE RISE OF MEDIA 127 arranged that
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THE RISE OF MEDIA 129 their history
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THE RISE OF MEDIA 131 shall lay hol
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Early Lydian Coin. CHAPTER XI MEDIA
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XI MEDIA, BABYLONIA, AND LYDIA 135
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I il
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138 HISTORY OF PERSIA many games. T
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I40 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xi it i
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142 HISTORY OF PERSIA The founder o
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XII THE HEROIC AGE OF PERSIA 143 ha
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'^^•f^jiJi'^ 'f-r').0*J>f'^f. 'ii
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146 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. of Cyru
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Persian King fighting Barbarians. (
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I50 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. ** of g
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SttuiforcL's Geocj^Esiah^, Londaiv.
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152 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Anshan,
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154 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The ove
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156 HISTORY OF PERSIA front of his
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THE RISE OF PERSIA 157 to the rescu
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THE RISE OF PERSIA 159 their develo
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XIII THE RISE OF PERSIA i6i as the
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XIII THE RISE OF PERSIA 163 old wor
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IGH
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.
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1 68 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. marche
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THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 169 Egypt in 521
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THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 171 family ; but
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^^^ •^Cf i I y^ tll^^^- DARIUS AN
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174 HISTORY OF PERSIA of silver. Ba
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176 HISTORY OF PERSIA whereas Rawli
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178 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. of boat
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1 80 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xiv wa
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i82 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. fine, v
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1 84 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. As thi
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1 86 HISTORY OF PERSIA dice : but,
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1 88 HISTORY OF PERSIA Yakut, and w
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I90 HISTORY OF PERSIA under the Gre
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XV THE ANCIENT PERSIANS 191 by a Gr
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y^y
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194 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The pal
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THE ANCIENT PERSIANS 195 opposite i
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BRONZE VESSELS FROM KHINAMAN. ifG
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THE ANCIENT PERSIANS 197 but she di
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CHAP. XVI PERSIA AND HELLAS 199 ear
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?cvi PERSIA AND HELLAS 201 Naxos ha
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~f *C^ W *i0i ^^^'- r-Q Mi:^£^^. ^
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204 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Attica
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^\; 206 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. or
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PERSIA AND HELLAS 207 frhumane ; an
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CH. XVII REPULSE OF PERSIA BY HELLA
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XVII REPULSE OF PERSIA BY HELLAS 21
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REPULSE OF PERSIA BY HELLAS 221 whe
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FALLEN PERSIAN STANDARD-BEARER. (Lo
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224 HISTORY OF PERSIA capture of Se
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^ ACHAEMENIAN EaGLE. (From Gold Med
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22 8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. accord
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230 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. end ; b
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XVIII AFTER REPULSE FROM HELLAS 231
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xvrii AFTER REPULSE FROM HELLAS 233
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Double Silver Siglos—Coin of Sido
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XIX DECLINE OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 2
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A MOUNTAIN TRACK IN ARMENIA. (From
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242 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. the mod
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ACHAEMENIAN GOLD JUG. (From Treasur
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246 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The Lat
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DECLINE OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE 249 I
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Tarsus Medallion of (?) Philip of M
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THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 253 resources
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THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 255 a stubbor
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THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 257 of Amynta
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XX THE RISE OF MACEDONIA 259 back,
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I XXI BATTLES OF GRANICUS AND ISSUS
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xxr BATTLES OF GRANICUS AND ISSUS 2
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XXI BATTLES OF GRANICUS AND ISSUS 2
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AGZ
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270 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. exceede
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272 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. XXI mos
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274 HISTORY OF PERSIA not crossed w
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276 HISTORY OF PERSIA grooms in rea
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278 HISTORY OF PERSIA destruction o
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28o HISTORY OF PERSIA sent home loa
Page 415 and 416: XXII ALEXANDER THE GREAT 281 his we
Page 417 and 418: I Lion-Gryphon. (Gold Medallion fro
Page 419: From a photograph by the Author. RA
Page 422 and 423: 286 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. was inh
Page 424: 288 HISTORY OF PERSIA of the twenti
Page 428 and 429: 290 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. towns,
Page 430 and 431: 292 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Greek r
Page 432 and 433: 294 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xxm for
Page 434 and 435: 296 HISTORY OF PERSIA while divisio
Page 436 and 437: 298 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. it reac
Page 439 and 440: ^ I XXIV DEATH OF ALEXANDER THE GRE
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Page 444 and 445: 302 HISTORY OF PERSIA this explains
Page 446 and 447: 304 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap, xxiv an
Page 448 and 449: 3o6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. without
Page 450 and 451: 3o8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. This fa
Page 453 and 454: XXV WARS OF THE *' SUCCESSORS " 309
Page 455 and 456: XXV WARS OF THE '* SUCCESSORS " 311
Page 457 and 458: I XXV WARS OF THE ** SUCCESSORS ''
Page 459 and 460: WARS OF THE "SUCCESSORS 315 after f
Page 461 and 462: Seleucus Soter. CHAPTER XXVI THE SE
Page 463 and 464: I XXVI THE SELEUCID EMPIRE 319 anot
Page 465: XXVI THE SELEUCID EMPIRE 321 with S
Page 470 and 471: 324 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. closely
Page 472 and 473: 326 HISTORY OF PERSIA them being Eu
Page 474 and 475: Arsaces II. CHAPTER XXVII THE RISE
Page 476 and 477: 330 HISTORY OF PERSIA kings we have
Page 478 and 479: 332 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Margian
Page 480 and 481: 334 HISTORY OF PERSIA it was not a
Page 483 and 484: xxvii THE RISE OF PARTHIA 335 type,
Page 485 and 486: xxvir THE RISE OF PARTHIA 337 Parth
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Page 490 and 491: 340 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Metauru
Page 492 and 493: 342 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. mount t
Page 494 and 495: 344 HISTORY OF PERSIA attacked thei
Page 496 and 497: 346 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. own for
Page 498 and 499: 348 HISTORY OF PERSIA provinces whi
Page 500 and 501: 3S^ HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. regarde
Page 502 and 503: 352 HISTORY OF PERSIA had become pa
Page 504 and 505: 354 HISTORY OF PERSIA he subdued in
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Page 510 and 511: 358 HISTORY OF PERSIA more correct
Page 512 and 513: 36o HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. ordinar
Page 514 and 515: 362 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Empire,
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364 HISTORY OF PERSIA the hordes ro
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366 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. record.
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368 HISTORY OF PERSIA death of Sull
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XXIX PARTHIA, ROME, AND PONTUS 369
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i XXIX PARTHIA, ROME, AND PONTUS 37
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fc Orodes I. CHAPTER XXX PARTHIA AN
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XXX PARTHIA AND ROME 375 taking pit
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XXX PARTHIA AND ROME 377 some three
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XXX PARTHIA AND ROME 379 soldiers i
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Pacorus. CHAPTER XXXI ROME AND PART
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ROME AND PARTHIA 383 to invade Egyp
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 385 the Parth
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 387 in-Chief;
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 389 able effe
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XXXI ROME AND PARTHIA 391 the time.
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CHAP. XXXII RELIGION AND ARCHITECTU
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XXXII RELIGION AND ARCHITECTURE 395
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^ U K
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400 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. "domina
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CH. XXXIII THE STRUGGLE FOR ARMENIA
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XXXIII THE STRUGGLE FOR ARMENIA 405
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THE GORGE OF THE ZAB, (From Wigrams
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4o8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. the ter
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Artabanus v. CHAPTER XXXIV THE DECL
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412 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. provinc
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414 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The Cam
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41 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. annexe
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41 8 HISTORY OF PERSIA worthy trave
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420 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. ing blo
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Ardeshir I. (Artaxerxes.) CHAPTER X
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424 HISTORY OF PERSIA The Coming of
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426 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. to all
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428 HISTORY OF PERSIA of Ardeshir,
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IXXV RISE OF THE SASANIAN DYNASTY 4
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cH. XXXVI SHAPUR I., CAPTOR OF VALE
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V^^y "-^.:?S
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XXXVI SHAPUR I., CAPTOR OF VALERIAN
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;, from XXXVI SHAPUR I., CAPTOR OF
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XXXVI SHAPUR L, CAPTOR OF VALERIAN
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3 I
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Shapur the Great. CHAPTER XXXVII SH
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446 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. facing
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 447 Singara
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, ' A.D. XXX VII SHAPUR THE GREAT 4
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 451 perforc
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 453 a force
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 455 twelve
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 457 suddenl
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XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 459 would p
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I XXXVII SHAPUR THE GREAT 461 the a
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CH. XXXVIII STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUN
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XXXVIII STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUNS 46
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xxxviii STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUNS 46
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xxxviii STRUGGLE WITH WHITE HUNS 46
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SILVER DISH OF BAHRAM GUR. (From Tr
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472 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The Usu
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474 HISTORY OF PERSIA in front of h
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476 HISTORY OF PERSIA cuap. xxxvhi
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478 HISTORY OF PERSIA Sea/ was defe
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p XXXIX CRUSHING OF THE WHITE HUNS
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iHO /^ o
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482 HISTORY OF PERSIA the cavalry o
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484 HISTORY OF PERSIA for more than
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NOSHIRWAN THE JuST. CHAPTER XL NOSH
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488 HISTORY OF PERSIA Belisarius wo
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490 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Noshirw
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492 HISTORY OF PERSIA have felt any
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494 HISTORY OF PERSIA gain of some
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NOSHIRWAN THE JUST 495 and the time
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NOSHIRWAN THE JUST 497 he checked t
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NOSHIRWAN AND BUZUKGMIHR. (From a P
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King trampling a Fallen Foeman. (Sa
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502 HISTORY OF PERSIA other ways. H
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504 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. enormou
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5o6 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. Pahlavi
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5o8 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. The rec
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5IO HISTORY OF PERSIA admiration of
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ARCHITECTURE 511 four columns, whic
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SHAPUR RECEIVING THE CYDARIS FROM O
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4" 514 HISTORY OF PERSIA chap. a bo
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xLi ARCHITECTURE 515 animation. In
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cH.xui KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS
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xLii KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 51
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xLii KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 52
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pLii KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 52
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til KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS 525
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KHUSRU PARVIZ AND HERACLIUS |cLii 5
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Yezdigird III. CHAPTER XLIII THE OV
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xLiii OVERTHROW OF PERSIAN EMPIRE 5
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XLIII OVERTHROW OF PERSIAN EMPIRE 5
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xTiii OVERTHROW OF PERSIAN EMPIRE 5
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